valvular heart disease

Question 1

features of the semilunar valves

Answer 1

• Aortic and pulm. valves
• 3 cusps (not leaflets)
• mobility passive- no contractions

Question 2

features of aortic valve

Answer 2

• close to numerous structures - AV node and bundle of his

- subarotic curtain and continuity with mitral - often both diseased together

Question 3

features of AV valves

Answer 3

• leaftlets, not cusps

- attaches to chorsae and papillary muscle to prevent them from prolapsing

Question 4

main risk for valvular disease

Answer 4

age

Question 5

2 separations with 2 types of valvular disease and pot. causes

Answer 5

1. acute
   - endocadrditits
2. chronic
   - rhumatic
   AND
3. primary/secondary

Question 6

3 clinical outcomes from valve disease

Answer 6

1. stenosis
2. regurg
3. both

Question 7

what is downstream problems with these issues

Answer 7

chronic P/V changes cause hypertrophy and remodelling of Venst

Question 8

2 other issues

Answer 8

1. may be associated with jet lesions (fibrosis)

2. risk of endocardidits

Question 9

what is aortic stenosis

Answer 9

• congenital or aquired - younger in cong
• ## congenital most ofter bicuspid

Question 10

consequences of Aortic stenosis

Answer 10

• concentric hypertrophy
• SAD - syncope,angina, dyspnea
• risk of sudden death

Question 11

what is patho of congeneital A stenosis

Answer 11

bicuspid valve>

• AAA
• high LV pressure
• poor outflow

Question 12

3 possible assoc. of aortic insuff.

Answer 12

1. lesion of valve
2. lesion with adjoining ascending aorta
3. LV hypertrophy and remodeling - esp dilatation (cor bovinum)

Question 13

possible outcome of A insuff

Answer 13

chronic aotitis or aortopathy often assoc. with AAA

Question 14

causes of aortitis and aortopathy

Answer 14

aoritits
- rhuem
- giant cell most common
- leutic - syph
aortopathy
- marfan
- ehleers danlos

Question 15

causes of acute aortic insuff.

Answer 15

1. endocard
2. trauma
3. dissection

Question 16

causes of mitral stenosis

Answer 16

• most common cause is rheumatic - takes decades, aschoff nodules

Question 17

features of mitral stenosis

Answer 17

• fibrous thickening of the leaflets

- shortening and fusion of chordae

Question 18

cons. of mitral sten

Answer 18

large L atrium

• mural thrombi
• pulm HT

Question 19

most common cause of mitral insuff

Answer 19

myxomatous mitral valve disease

• valve thickening with hooding
• increaed ground substance deposition

Question 20

other possible causes

Answer 20

• mitral annular calcification
• inschemic regurg
• endocard
• pap muscle rupture

Question 21

possible embolic complications of endo

Answer 21

• septic emboli thrown
• in llungs, brain, bowel
• small vessels causing spots ang hemmorages

Question 22

what is non-bact endocard

Answer 22

often assoc. with a hypercoaguable state or mucin secreting cancer

Question 23

options for valve replacement

Answer 23

• porcine

- mech