valvular heart disease Flashcards

1
Q

features of the semilunar valves

A
  • Aortic and pulm. valves
  • 3 cusps (not leaflets)
  • mobility passive- no contractions
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2
Q

features of aortic valve

A
  • close to numerous structures - AV node and bundle of his

- subarotic curtain and continuity with mitral - often both diseased together

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3
Q

features of AV valves

A
  • leaftlets, not cusps

- attaches to chorsae and papillary muscle to prevent them from prolapsing

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4
Q

main risk for valvular disease

A

age

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5
Q

2 separations with 2 types of valvular disease and pot. causes

A
  1. acute
    - endocadrditits
  2. chronic
    - rhumatic
    AND
  3. primary/secondary
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6
Q

3 clinical outcomes from valve disease

A
  1. stenosis
  2. regurg
  3. both
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7
Q

what is downstream problems with these issues

A

chronic P/V changes cause hypertrophy and remodelling of Venst

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8
Q

2 other issues

A
  1. may be associated with jet lesions (fibrosis)

2. risk of endocardidits

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9
Q

what is aortic stenosis

A
  • congenital or aquired - younger in cong
  • ## congenital most ofter bicuspid
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10
Q

consequences of Aortic stenosis

A
  • concentric hypertrophy
  • SAD - syncope,angina, dyspnea
  • risk of sudden death
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11
Q

what is patho of congeneital A stenosis

A

bicuspid valve>

  • AAA
  • high LV pressure
  • poor outflow
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12
Q

3 possible assoc. of aortic insuff.

A
  1. lesion of valve
  2. lesion with adjoining ascending aorta
  3. LV hypertrophy and remodeling - esp dilatation (cor bovinum)
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13
Q

possible outcome of A insuff

A

chronic aotitis or aortopathy often assoc. with AAA

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14
Q

causes of aortitis and aortopathy

A
aoritits
- rhuem
- giant cell most common
- leutic - syph
aortopathy
- marfan
- ehleers danlos
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15
Q

causes of acute aortic insuff.

A
  1. endocard
  2. trauma
  3. dissection
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16
Q

causes of mitral stenosis

A
  • most common cause is rheumatic - takes decades, aschoff nodules
17
Q

features of mitral stenosis

A
  • fibrous thickening of the leaflets

- shortening and fusion of chordae

18
Q

cons. of mitral sten

A

large L atrium

  • mural thrombi
  • pulm HT
19
Q

most common cause of mitral insuff

A

myxomatous mitral valve disease

  • valve thickening with hooding
  • increaed ground substance deposition
20
Q

other possible causes

A
  • mitral annular calcification
  • inschemic regurg
  • endocard
  • pap muscle rupture
21
Q

possible embolic complications of endo

A
  • septic emboli thrown
  • in llungs, brain, bowel
  • small vessels causing spots ang hemmorages
22
Q

what is non-bact endocard

A

often assoc. with a hypercoaguable state or mucin secreting cancer

23
Q

options for valve replacement

A
  • porcine

- mech