General

Question 1

4 functions of blood

Answer 1

1. transport
2. temp and pH regulation
3. protect agains infection
4. coagulation

Question 2

Main components of blood (%)

Answer 2

1. plasma (55)
2. WBC (<1)
3. RBC (45)

Question 3

Formula for hemoclobin

Answer 3

3x hematocrit

Question 4

define mean cell volume

Answer 4

how big an RBC are

Question 5

define mean cell width

Answer 5

degree of differences between sizes of cells

Question 6

features of erythrocyte

Answer 6

1. discoid shape

2. contains heme and globin

Question 7

RBC lifespan

Answer 7

120 days

Question 8

define good central pallor of RBC

Answer 8

1/3, 1/3, 1/3

Question 9

define anemia

Answer 9

decreased hemoglobin - less O2 cap.

Question 10

causes of anemia (3)

Answer 10

1. decr. production
2. incr. destruction
3. dilution sequestration

Question 11

define polycythemia

Answer 11

too many RBCs

Question 12

symptoms of polycythemia

Answer 12

headache, plethora, shortness of breath, numbeness

Question 13

Types of leukocytes

Answer 13

1. Neutrophils
2. Eosonophils
3. Basophils
4. Lymphocytes
5. Monocytes

Question 14

Features of neutrophils

Answer 14

slightly bigger than RBCs
2-5 lobe nucleus
granules in cytoplasm

Question 15

function of neutrophil

Answer 15

main infection fighter

Question 16

life of neutrophils

Answer 16

5 days

Question 17

consequence of neutropenia

Answer 17

bacterial infections

Question 18

causes of neutrophilia (3)

Answer 18

1. demarginalization
2. reactive (incr. production)
3. malignancy

Question 19

features of eosonophils

Answer 19

2-3 lobes
large granules
localize to tissues

Question 20

functions of eosonophils (3)

Answer 20

1. cytotoxic
2. inflammatory reactions
3. hypersensitivity reactions

Question 21

causes on eosonophilia (3)

Answer 21

1. allergic reactions
2. parasitic reactions
3. malignancy

Question 22

features of basophils

Answer 22

large black granules

Question 23

3 granulocytes

Answer 23

1. neutophils
2. eosonophils
3. basophils

Question 24

features of lymphocytes

Answer 24

mononuclear
scant bule cytoplasm
nucleus the size of RBC

Question 25

2 main functions of lymphocytes

Answer 25

1. viral surveillance - antibodies

2. between lymphoid tissues and systemic circulation

Question 26

2 main types of lymhocytes

Answer 26

1. B - antigen receptors and antibodies

2. T - CD4, CD8, natural killer

Question 27

causes of lymphopenia (3)

Answer 27

1. decr. production
2. incr. destruction
3. dilution sequestration

Question 28

causes of lymphocytosis

Answer 28

1. viral
2. stress
3. smoking
4. malignancy

Question 29

features of monocytes

Answer 29

double size of RBC
horseshoe nucleus
fine reddish granules
migrate to tissues

Question 30

2 differnent end cells of monocytes

Answer 30

1. macrophages

2. dendritic cells

Question 31

cause if monocytosis

Answer 31

1. chronic infection
2. chronic inflammation
3. malignancy

Question 32

featues of platelets (thrombocytes)

Answer 32

very small

fine purple granules

Question 33

causes of thrombocytosis

Answer 33

1. reactive
2. bone marrow malignancy
3. redistributive (post-splenectomy)