General Flashcards

1
Q

4 functions of blood

A
  1. transport
  2. temp and pH regulation
  3. protect agains infection
  4. coagulation
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2
Q

Main components of blood (%)

A
  1. plasma (55)
  2. WBC (<1)
  3. RBC (45)
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3
Q

Formula for hemoclobin

A

3x hematocrit

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4
Q

define mean cell volume

A

how big an RBC are

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5
Q

define mean cell width

A

degree of differences between sizes of cells

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6
Q

features of erythrocyte

A
  1. discoid shape

2. contains heme and globin

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7
Q

RBC lifespan

A

120 days

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8
Q

define good central pallor of RBC

A

1/3, 1/3, 1/3

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9
Q

define anemia

A

decreased hemoglobin - less O2 cap.

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10
Q

causes of anemia (3)

A
  1. decr. production
  2. incr. destruction
  3. dilution sequestration
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11
Q

define polycythemia

A

too many RBCs

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12
Q

symptoms of polycythemia

A

headache, plethora, shortness of breath, numbeness

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13
Q

Types of leukocytes

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Eosonophils
  3. Basophils
  4. Lymphocytes
  5. Monocytes
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14
Q

Features of neutrophils

A

slightly bigger than RBCs
2-5 lobe nucleus
granules in cytoplasm

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15
Q

function of neutrophil

A

main infection fighter

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16
Q

life of neutrophils

17
Q

consequence of neutropenia

A

bacterial infections

18
Q

causes of neutrophilia (3)

A
  1. demarginalization
  2. reactive (incr. production)
  3. malignancy
19
Q

features of eosonophils

A

2-3 lobes
large granules
localize to tissues

20
Q

functions of eosonophils (3)

A
  1. cytotoxic
  2. inflammatory reactions
  3. hypersensitivity reactions
21
Q

causes on eosonophilia (3)

A
  1. allergic reactions
  2. parasitic reactions
  3. malignancy
22
Q

features of basophils

A

large black granules

23
Q

3 granulocytes

A
  1. neutophils
  2. eosonophils
  3. basophils
24
Q

features of lymphocytes

A

mononuclear
scant bule cytoplasm
nucleus the size of RBC

25
2 main functions of lymphocytes
1. viral surveillance - antibodies | 2. between lymphoid tissues and systemic circulation
26
2 main types of lymhocytes
1. B - antigen receptors and antibodies | 2. T - CD4, CD8, natural killer
27
causes of lymphopenia (3)
1. decr. production 2. incr. destruction 3. dilution sequestration
28
causes of lymphocytosis
1. viral 2. stress 3. smoking 4. malignancy
29
features of monocytes
double size of RBC horseshoe nucleus fine reddish granules migrate to tissues
30
2 differnent end cells of monocytes
1. macrophages | 2. dendritic cells
31
cause if monocytosis
1. chronic infection 2. chronic inflammation 3. malignancy
32
featues of platelets (thrombocytes)
very small | fine purple granules
33
causes of thrombocytosis
1. reactive 2. bone marrow malignancy 3. redistributive (post-splenectomy)