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Undeleted > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

4 functions of blood

A
  1. transport
  2. temp and pH regulation
  3. protect agains infection
  4. coagulation
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2
Q

Main components of blood (%)

A
  1. plasma (55)
  2. WBC (<1)
  3. RBC (45)
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3
Q

Formula for hemoclobin

A

3x hematocrit

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4
Q

define mean cell volume

A

how big an RBC are

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5
Q

define mean cell width

A

degree of differences between sizes of cells

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6
Q

features of erythrocyte

A
  1. discoid shape

2. contains heme and globin

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7
Q

RBC lifespan

A

120 days

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8
Q

define good central pallor of RBC

A

1/3, 1/3, 1/3

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9
Q

define anemia

A

decreased hemoglobin - less O2 cap.

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10
Q

causes of anemia (3)

A
  1. decr. production
  2. incr. destruction
  3. dilution sequestration
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11
Q

define polycythemia

A

too many RBCs

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12
Q

symptoms of polycythemia

A

headache, plethora, shortness of breath, numbeness

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13
Q

Types of leukocytes

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Eosonophils
  3. Basophils
  4. Lymphocytes
  5. Monocytes
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14
Q

Features of neutrophils

A

slightly bigger than RBCs
2-5 lobe nucleus
granules in cytoplasm

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15
Q

function of neutrophil

A

main infection fighter

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16
Q

life of neutrophils

17
Q

consequence of neutropenia

A

bacterial infections

18
Q

causes of neutrophilia (3)

A
  1. demarginalization
  2. reactive (incr. production)
  3. malignancy
19
Q

features of eosonophils

A

2-3 lobes
large granules
localize to tissues

20
Q

functions of eosonophils (3)

A
  1. cytotoxic
  2. inflammatory reactions
  3. hypersensitivity reactions
21
Q

causes on eosonophilia (3)

A
  1. allergic reactions
  2. parasitic reactions
  3. malignancy
22
Q

features of basophils

A

large black granules

23
Q

3 granulocytes

A
  1. neutophils
  2. eosonophils
  3. basophils
24
Q

features of lymphocytes

A

mononuclear
scant bule cytoplasm
nucleus the size of RBC

25
Q

2 main functions of lymphocytes

A
  1. viral surveillance - antibodies

2. between lymphoid tissues and systemic circulation

26
Q

2 main types of lymhocytes

A
  1. B - antigen receptors and antibodies

2. T - CD4, CD8, natural killer

27
Q

causes of lymphopenia (3)

A
  1. decr. production
  2. incr. destruction
  3. dilution sequestration
28
Q

causes of lymphocytosis

A
  1. viral
  2. stress
  3. smoking
  4. malignancy
29
Q

features of monocytes

A

double size of RBC
horseshoe nucleus
fine reddish granules
migrate to tissues

30
Q

2 differnent end cells of monocytes

A
  1. macrophages

2. dendritic cells

31
Q

cause if monocytosis

A
  1. chronic infection
  2. chronic inflammation
  3. malignancy
32
Q

featues of platelets (thrombocytes)

A

very small

fine purple granules

33
Q

causes of thrombocytosis

A
  1. reactive
  2. bone marrow malignancy
  3. redistributive (post-splenectomy)

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