pediatric pharma

Question 1

5 keys to pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

1. compliance
2. absorption
3. distribution
4. metabolism
5. excretion

Question 2

3 keys to good compliance

Answer 2

1. communication
2. education
3. monitoring

Question 3

3 risk factors for compliance

Answer 3

1. polypharma
2. chronic treatment
3. adol.

Question 4

what is different about absorption in infants

Answer 4

gastric peristalsis uncoordianted and shorter
leads to :
- variable Tmax
- variable mag. of absorption

Question 5

3 factors that affect absorption

Answer 5

1. dia
2. vomit
3. fever

Question 6

3 keys that change dist. in neonates

Answer 6

1. albumin only 80%
2. glycoprotien only 30%
3. interfering substances
   »> all lead to inrc. unbound substances

Question 7

def. apparent volume of dist.

Answer 7

theoretical volume of fluid into which total drug administered would have to go into to be diluted to the concentration in plasma

Question 8

what happens to vol. dist. if highly protein bound or highly taken up by tissues

Answer 8

protein bound - small VD

taken up - large VD

Question 9

how do neonates/children/adults differ in their hepatic/renal clearance

Answer 9

neonates - less

children -more

Question 10

how to change loading dose and maintenance dose of caffein for neonate

Answer 10

loading - same

maintenance - lower

Question 11

how common are medication errors

Answer 11

10%

Question 12

prob. with decimal placements

Answer 12

cause a 10x error

Question 13

3 most common drug kills

Answer 13

1. analgesic
2. antihistamines
3. sedatives

Question 14

7 drug types that kill in one

Answer 14

1. CCBs
2. camphor
3. narcos
4. aspirin
5. antidep
6. patches
7. diabetes

Question 15

5 drugs with peds. specific SEs

Answer 15

1. tetracycline - teeth discolor
2. valproic acid - liver failure
3. enthanol - hypoglycemia
4. sulfonamide - kernicterus
5. reyes’ - aspirin