Head Flashcards
Point where zygomatic process and temporal meet
zygomatic arch
3 processes of maxillary bone
alveolar, frontal, palatal
2 bones that make up hard palate
maxilla and palatine
Opening on inside of mandible for teeth
mandibular foramen
Innervation of facial muscles
C-VII facial nerve
4 main muscles of face and function
frontalis - moves forehead
buccinator - smile
obicularis oculi - around eye
orbicularis oris - around lips
Movements of mandibular joint (5)
elevation, depression, protrusion, retraction, lateral excursion
Meeting points of mandibular joint
mandibular condyle and mandibular fossa on temporal bone
Muscles of mastication and their movements (4)
temporalis - elevator and retractor
masseter - elevator and protruder
lat. pterygoid - pulls head forward and lat. excursion
med. pterygoid - protruder, elevator, lat excursion
innervation of mandible
C -V3 mandibular division of trigeminal
muscles of jaw opening
digastric and mylohyoid
main salivary gland and path of saliva
parotid gland>parotid duct>pappilae above 2nd molar
Placement of parotid gland
between mastoid process and ramus of mandible
5 main branches of facial nerve C-II (sup to inf)
Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Mandibular, Carotid
5 layers of scalp
Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose areolar tissue, Periosteum
2 parts of skull and function
- braincase - protect and support brain
2. facial skeleton - protect and support airways and food passages
3 main sutures in skull
coronal, saggital, lambdoid, squamosal
3 main meeting points of sutures
bregma - coronal and sag
lambda - lamboidal and sag
pterion - coronal and squamosal
significance of pterion
mid. meningeal art lies just behind
3 levels of braincase
Ant, middle, post. fossae
Function and main bones of ant. cranial fossa
Funct - support frontal lobes
Bones - frontal, ant. ethmoid, lesser sphenoid, crista galli
Function and main bones of mid. cranial fossa
Funct - supports temp. lobe, diencephalon, pit gland
Bones - temporal, greater sphenoid
Function and main bones of post. cranial fossa
Funct - support brain stem and cerebellum
Bones - petrous temporal, occipital, foramen magnum
3 layers of meninges
- dura mater
- arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, arachnoid villi
- pia mater
3 spaces in meninges
extradural (outside dura mater)
subdural
subarachnoid
3 dural folds
falx cerebri
falx cerbelli
tentorium cerebelli
superior and inferior portions of head and name
supratentorial and infratentorial divided by tentorium cerebelli
cause of pits in skull
arachnoid villi
CN entering cribiform foramena
1 - ofactory bulb and tract
CN entering optic foramen
2 - optic
CN entering sup. orbital fissure
3 - occularmotor
4 - trochlear
5.1 - trigeminal - opthlalamic
6 - abducens
CN entering internal auditory meatus
7 - facial
8 - vestibulocochlear
CN entering jugular foramen
9 - glossopharangeal
10 - vagus
11 - spinal accesory
CN entering hypoglossal canal
12 - hypoglossal
vertebral arteries are branches of:
sublavians
entry of internal carotids
carotid canals
anastamosing circle of arteries
arterial circle of willis
main branches of external carotid
facial, maxillary, inf. alveolar, infraorbital, superficial temporal, post. auricular, occipital
veinous drainage of face
super. temporal maxiallary retromandibularext. jugular facial opthalamic
CN of sensory cutaneous innervation of face
V1 - opthalmic - upper nose, forehead, and supraorbital
V2 - maxiallary - zygomatic and infraorbital
V3 - mandibular - mental, buccal, auriculotemporal
boundaries of infratemporal fossa
inf to zygomatic process, between ramus of mandible and sphenoid bone
window between infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa
pterygomaxillary fissure
contents of infratemporal fossa
- med and lat pterygoid muscles
- maxillary artery and branches
- mandibular branches of V3
- chorda tympani branch of CN 7
- Otic ganglion
Point of entry of V3 - mandibular
foramen ovale
Motor and sensory branches of V3 - mandibular
motor - temporalis, masseter, pteygoids, mylohyoid, ant. digastric
sensory - buccal, auriculotemporal, inf. alveorlar, lingual
branch of CN 7 carrying pregan para fibers
chorda tympani branch
nerve for taste in ant 2/3 of tongue
chorda tympani
fibers received and sent our in otic ganglion
receives - pregang para from CN 9
sent - postgang para through auriculotemporal nerve to parotid for saliva
Communication between orbit and mid cranial fossa (2)
optic canal, superior oribital fissure
Communication between orbit and pterygopalatine fossa
inf orbital fissure
Communication between orbit and nose
nasolacrimal canal
disorder of too much eye pressure
proptosis
parts of ocular bub (eyeball) (3)
cornea, sclera, optic nerve
attachments of bulbar fascia (ant and post)
post - sclera @ point of optic nerve
ant - corneoscleral junction
attachment of eye muscles
tendonous ring
6 extrinsic eye muscles and their innervation
- medial rectus - CN3
- lat. rectus - CN6
- inf. rectus - CN3
- sup rectus - CN3
- inf. oblique - CN3
- sup. oblique - CN4
position of eye if cut occulomotor nerve
inferior lateral
edges of eyes
cantus
muscle that opens eyelid and innervation
levator palpebrae superioris (CN3+sympathetic)
path of tears
lacrimal gland>lacrimal duct>lacis lacrimalis>lacrimal caruncle>canaliculi>lacrimal sac>nasolacrimal duct>nose
blood path to eye
int. carotid>optic canal>central art of retina>orbital tissues
blood supply from eye
opthalmic veins>cavernous sinus
vessels and nerves running through cavernous sinus
int carotid, C3, C4, C5.1-2, C6
Types of nerves in orbit
- Sensory
- Somatic motor
- Para - for constrictor pupillae
- Symp - for dilator pupillae
Sensory nerves of orbit (2)
- Maxially (V2) branches - infraorbital and zygomatic
2. Opthalmic (V1) branches - lacrimal, frontal, nasociliary
Somatic nerves of eye (3)
CN 3 - oculomotor for most
CN 6 - for lateral rectus
CN 4 - for superior oblique
Para nerve of eye and synapse point
CN 3- synapse on ciliary ganglion
Symp nerve of eye source and function
superior cervical gang - dilate pupil
Path of parasymp to lacrimal gland
CN 7 > greater petrosal>through pterygoid canal>pterygoid fossa>syapse on pterygopalatine ganglion>follow zygomatic branch>lacrimal branch
Proportion and make-up of palate
Hard (2/3) - palatine bone and palatal process of maxillary
Soft (1/3) - tensor palatini and levator palatini
Sensory innervation path to palate
V2>greater palatine foramina>lesser palatine branches and nasopalatine branches
Blood supply to palate
Maxillary>greater and lesser palatine A
muscles that support floor of mouth (2)
mylohyoid and geniohyoid
Cavities in which tongue is located
Oral cavity (ant 2/3) and oropharynx (post 1/3)
Divider of tongue
sulcus terminalis
sense nerves for ant tongue (2)
- lingual (CN5) - regular sense
2. chorda tympani (CN7) taste
sense nerves for post tongue
glossopharyngeal (CN9) - taste and senses
function of intrinsic muscles of tongue and innervation
shape the tongue (CN12)
extrinsic muscles of tongue and innervation (4)
- genioglossus
- hyoglossus
- Styloglossus
- Palatoglossus
Innerve CN12
Blood supply to tongue
External carotid>lingual
3 salivary glands and openings
- Parotid - 2nd molar
- submandibular - under tongue (gleek)
- sublingual - ant. part of mouth
main point of head and neck lymph drainage
regional nodes> deep cervical nodes
Floor of nose
hard and soft palate
roof of nose
nasal, frontal, cribiform plate, body of sphenoid
walls of nose
nasal cart. maxillary, lacrimal, ethmoid, perpendicular plate of palatinem inferior choncae
name of spaces between chonchae
meatus
spaces in nasal cavity (4) and their sinuses
- sphenoethmoial recess - sphenoidal
- sup meatus - ethmoid sinus
- mid meatus - ethmoidal, maxillary, frontal
- inf meatus - nasolacrimal duct
Entrance to pterygopalatine fossa of maxillary nerve and artery
nerve - foramen rotundum (from CN5)
artery - pterygomaxiallary fissure
blood supply to lateral wall of nose (3)
- facial>lateral nasal
- opthalamic>ant and post ethmoidal
- maxillary>spenopalatine
blood supply to nasal septum
- sphenopalatine>septal
- Facial>labial branch
- opthalamic>ethmoidal
- greater palatine
area of anastamoses in nose
kisselbach’s area
Innervation of nose
- olfactory (CN1) through cribiform
- lateral wall sense - maxillary>nasal branch
- medial wall sense - maxillary>nasopalatine branch
3 main parts of ear
Ext, middle, inner
Innervation of auricle of ear
Mostly V3, some C1,7,10
Bony make-up of ext auditory meatus
- ext 1/3 cartelage
2. int. 2/3 bony
Innervation of ext. auditory meatus
Mostly V3, some C7 and 10
What separates ext ear from middle
tympanic membrane
Cone of light in tympanic membrane and sig
Umbo - will change if membrane distorted
Innervation of tympanic membrane
V3, C7, C10
Connection between middle ear and pharynx
auditory tube
post. connection of middle ear
mastoid air cells - via antrum
connection between mid and inner ear
oval and round windows
floor of middle ear
temporal bone over jug fossa
Bones of middle ear - all and indiv
Ossicles - malleus, incus, stapes
Attachment of malleus
tympanic membrane to incus
attachment of stapes
incus to oval window of inner ear
muscles of inner ear and function
stapedius - dampens sounds
Function of CN9 in middle ear (2)
- Pregang. para fibers pass through on way to otic gang for parotid - enters via tympanic and leaves via lesser petrosal
- sensory to middle ear and auditory tube
path of chorda tympani in middle ear
Facial nerve via aud. meatus>give chorda tympani>through middle ear>joins lingual>taste from ant. 2/3 of tongue
3 parts of inner ear
vestibule, cochlea, semicircular canals
Functions of cochlear duct and vestibular apparatus
- Cochlear - heaing
2. vest - balance and motion
innervation of inner ear
CN8
liquid in inner ear
perilymph
5 connections of PtP fossa and through what
- infratemporal - pterygomaxilary
- Orbit - infraorbital groove
- mouth - greater palatine canal
- middle cranial fossa - foramen rotundum
- nose - sphenopalatine foramen
Lymph nodes and region (5)
- Submental - chin
- Submandibular - under mandible
- parotid - in front of ear
- retroauricular - behind ear
- occipital - near back of head
