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Head Flashcards

1
Q

Point where zygomatic process and temporal meet

A

zygomatic arch

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2
Q

3 processes of maxillary bone

A

alveolar, frontal, palatal

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3
Q

2 bones that make up hard palate

A

maxilla and palatine

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4
Q

Opening on inside of mandible for teeth

A

mandibular foramen

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5
Q

Innervation of facial muscles

A

C-VII facial nerve

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6
Q

4 main muscles of face and function

A

frontalis - moves forehead
buccinator - smile
obicularis oculi - around eye
orbicularis oris - around lips

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7
Q

Movements of mandibular joint (5)

A

elevation, depression, protrusion, retraction, lateral excursion

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8
Q

Meeting points of mandibular joint

A

mandibular condyle and mandibular fossa on temporal bone

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9
Q

Muscles of mastication and their movements (4)

A

temporalis - elevator and retractor
masseter - elevator and protruder
lat. pterygoid - pulls head forward and lat. excursion
med. pterygoid - protruder, elevator, lat excursion

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10
Q

innervation of mandible

A

C -V3 mandibular division of trigeminal

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11
Q

muscles of jaw opening

A

digastric and mylohyoid

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12
Q

main salivary gland and path of saliva

A

parotid gland>parotid duct>pappilae above 2nd molar

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13
Q

Placement of parotid gland

A

between mastoid process and ramus of mandible

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14
Q

5 main branches of facial nerve C-II (sup to inf)

A

Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Mandibular, Carotid

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15
Q

5 layers of scalp

A

Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose areolar tissue, Periosteum

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16
Q

2 parts of skull and function

A
  1. braincase - protect and support brain

2. facial skeleton - protect and support airways and food passages

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17
Q

3 main sutures in skull

A

coronal, saggital, lambdoid, squamosal

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18
Q

3 main meeting points of sutures

A

bregma - coronal and sag
lambda - lamboidal and sag
pterion - coronal and squamosal

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19
Q

significance of pterion

A

mid. meningeal art lies just behind

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20
Q

3 levels of braincase

A

Ant, middle, post. fossae

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21
Q

Function and main bones of ant. cranial fossa

A

Funct - support frontal lobes

Bones - frontal, ant. ethmoid, lesser sphenoid, crista galli

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22
Q

Function and main bones of mid. cranial fossa

A

Funct - supports temp. lobe, diencephalon, pit gland

Bones - temporal, greater sphenoid

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23
Q

Function and main bones of post. cranial fossa

A

Funct - support brain stem and cerebellum

Bones - petrous temporal, occipital, foramen magnum

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24
Q

3 layers of meninges

A
  1. dura mater
  2. arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, arachnoid villi
  3. pia mater
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25
Q

3 spaces in meninges

A

extradural (outside dura mater)
subdural
subarachnoid

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26
Q

3 dural folds

A

falx cerebri
falx cerbelli
tentorium cerebelli

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27
Q

superior and inferior portions of head and name

A

supratentorial and infratentorial divided by tentorium cerebelli

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28
Q

cause of pits in skull

A

arachnoid villi

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29
Q

CN entering cribiform foramena

A

1 - ofactory bulb and tract

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30
Q

CN entering optic foramen

A

2 - optic

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31
Q

CN entering sup. orbital fissure

A

3 - occularmotor
4 - trochlear
5.1 - trigeminal - opthlalamic
6 - abducens

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32
Q

CN entering internal auditory meatus

A

7 - facial

8 - vestibulocochlear

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33
Q

CN entering jugular foramen

A

9 - glossopharangeal
10 - vagus
11 - spinal accesory

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34
Q

CN entering hypoglossal canal

A

12 - hypoglossal

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35
Q

vertebral arteries are branches of:

A

sublavians

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36
Q

entry of internal carotids

A

carotid canals

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37
Q

anastamosing circle of arteries

A

arterial circle of willis

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38
Q

main branches of external carotid

A

facial, maxillary, inf. alveolar, infraorbital, superficial temporal, post. auricular, occipital

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39
Q

veinous drainage of face

A 
super. temporal
maxiallary
retromandibularext. jugular
facial
opthalamic
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40
Q

CN of sensory cutaneous innervation of face

A

V1 - opthalmic - upper nose, forehead, and supraorbital
V2 - maxiallary - zygomatic and infraorbital
V3 - mandibular - mental, buccal, auriculotemporal

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41
Q

boundaries of infratemporal fossa

A

inf to zygomatic process, between ramus of mandible and sphenoid bone

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42
Q

window between infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa

A

pterygomaxillary fissure

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43
Q

contents of infratemporal fossa

A
  1. med and lat pterygoid muscles
  2. maxillary artery and branches
  3. mandibular branches of V3
  4. chorda tympani branch of CN 7
  5. Otic ganglion
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44
Q

Point of entry of V3 - mandibular

A

foramen ovale

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45
Q

Motor and sensory branches of V3 - mandibular

A

motor - temporalis, masseter, pteygoids, mylohyoid, ant. digastric
sensory - buccal, auriculotemporal, inf. alveorlar, lingual

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46
Q

branch of CN 7 carrying pregan para fibers

A

chorda tympani branch

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47
Q

nerve for taste in ant 2/3 of tongue

A

chorda tympani

48
Q

fibers received and sent our in otic ganglion

A

receives - pregang para from CN 9

sent - postgang para through auriculotemporal nerve to parotid for saliva

49
Q

Communication between orbit and mid cranial fossa (2)

A

optic canal, superior oribital fissure

50
Q

Communication between orbit and pterygopalatine fossa

A

inf orbital fissure

51
Q

Communication between orbit and nose

A

nasolacrimal canal

52
Q

disorder of too much eye pressure

A

proptosis

53
Q

parts of ocular bub (eyeball) (3)

A

cornea, sclera, optic nerve

54
Q

attachments of bulbar fascia (ant and post)

A

post - sclera @ point of optic nerve

ant - corneoscleral junction

55
Q

attachment of eye muscles

A

tendonous ring

56
Q

6 extrinsic eye muscles and their innervation

A
  1. medial rectus - CN3
  2. lat. rectus - CN6
  3. inf. rectus - CN3
  4. sup rectus - CN3
  5. inf. oblique - CN3
  6. sup. oblique - CN4
57
Q

position of eye if cut occulomotor nerve

A

inferior lateral

58
Q

edges of eyes

A

cantus

59
Q

muscle that opens eyelid and innervation

A

levator palpebrae superioris (CN3+sympathetic)

60
Q

path of tears

A

lacrimal gland>lacrimal duct>lacis lacrimalis>lacrimal caruncle>canaliculi>lacrimal sac>nasolacrimal duct>nose

61
Q

blood path to eye

A

int. carotid>optic canal>central art of retina>orbital tissues

62
Q

blood supply from eye

A

opthalmic veins>cavernous sinus

63
Q

vessels and nerves running through cavernous sinus

A

int carotid, C3, C4, C5.1-2, C6

64
Q

Types of nerves in orbit

A
  1. Sensory
  2. Somatic motor
  3. Para - for constrictor pupillae
  4. Symp - for dilator pupillae
65
Q

Sensory nerves of orbit (2)

A
  1. Maxially (V2) branches - infraorbital and zygomatic

2. Opthalmic (V1) branches - lacrimal, frontal, nasociliary

66
Q

Somatic nerves of eye (3)

A

CN 3 - oculomotor for most
CN 6 - for lateral rectus
CN 4 - for superior oblique

67
Q

Para nerve of eye and synapse point

A

CN 3- synapse on ciliary ganglion

68
Q

Symp nerve of eye source and function

A

superior cervical gang - dilate pupil

69
Q

Path of parasymp to lacrimal gland

A

CN 7 > greater petrosal>through pterygoid canal>pterygoid fossa>syapse on pterygopalatine ganglion>follow zygomatic branch>lacrimal branch

70
Q

Proportion and make-up of palate

A

Hard (2/3) - palatine bone and palatal process of maxillary

Soft (1/3) - tensor palatini and levator palatini

71
Q

Sensory innervation path to palate

A

V2>greater palatine foramina>lesser palatine branches and nasopalatine branches

72
Q

Blood supply to palate

A

Maxillary>greater and lesser palatine A

73
Q

muscles that support floor of mouth (2)

A

mylohyoid and geniohyoid

74
Q

Cavities in which tongue is located

A

Oral cavity (ant 2/3) and oropharynx (post 1/3)

75
Q

Divider of tongue

A

sulcus terminalis

76
Q

sense nerves for ant tongue (2)

A
  1. lingual (CN5) - regular sense

2. chorda tympani (CN7) taste

77
Q

sense nerves for post tongue

A

glossopharyngeal (CN9) - taste and senses

78
Q

function of intrinsic muscles of tongue and innervation

A

shape the tongue (CN12)

79
Q

extrinsic muscles of tongue and innervation (4)

A
  1. genioglossus
  2. hyoglossus
  3. Styloglossus
  4. Palatoglossus
    Innerve CN12
80
Q

Blood supply to tongue

A

External carotid>lingual

81
Q

3 salivary glands and openings

A
  1. Parotid - 2nd molar
  2. submandibular - under tongue (gleek)
  3. sublingual - ant. part of mouth
82
Q

main point of head and neck lymph drainage

A

regional nodes> deep cervical nodes

83
Q

Floor of nose

A

hard and soft palate

84
Q

roof of nose

A

nasal, frontal, cribiform plate, body of sphenoid

85
Q

walls of nose

A

nasal cart. maxillary, lacrimal, ethmoid, perpendicular plate of palatinem inferior choncae

86
Q

name of spaces between chonchae

A

meatus

87
Q

spaces in nasal cavity (4) and their sinuses

A
  1. sphenoethmoial recess - sphenoidal
  2. sup meatus - ethmoid sinus
  3. mid meatus - ethmoidal, maxillary, frontal
  4. inf meatus - nasolacrimal duct
88
Q

Entrance to pterygopalatine fossa of maxillary nerve and artery

A

nerve - foramen rotundum (from CN5)

artery - pterygomaxiallary fissure

89
Q

blood supply to lateral wall of nose (3)

A
  1. facial>lateral nasal
  2. opthalamic>ant and post ethmoidal
  3. maxillary>spenopalatine
90
Q

blood supply to nasal septum

A
  1. sphenopalatine>septal
  2. Facial>labial branch
  3. opthalamic>ethmoidal
  4. greater palatine
91
Q

area of anastamoses in nose

A

kisselbach’s area

92
Q

Innervation of nose

A
  1. olfactory (CN1) through cribiform
  2. lateral wall sense - maxillary>nasal branch
  3. medial wall sense - maxillary>nasopalatine branch
93
Q

3 main parts of ear

A

Ext, middle, inner

94
Q

Innervation of auricle of ear

A

Mostly V3, some C1,7,10

95
Q

Bony make-up of ext auditory meatus

A
  1. ext 1/3 cartelage

2. int. 2/3 bony

96
Q

Innervation of ext. auditory meatus

A

Mostly V3, some C7 and 10

97
Q

What separates ext ear from middle

A

tympanic membrane

98
Q

Cone of light in tympanic membrane and sig

A

Umbo - will change if membrane distorted

99
Q

Innervation of tympanic membrane

A

V3, C7, C10

100
Q

Connection between middle ear and pharynx

A

auditory tube

101
Q

post. connection of middle ear

A

mastoid air cells - via antrum

102
Q

connection between mid and inner ear

A

oval and round windows

103
Q

floor of middle ear

A

temporal bone over jug fossa

104
Q

Bones of middle ear - all and indiv

A

Ossicles - malleus, incus, stapes

105
Q

Attachment of malleus

A

tympanic membrane to incus

106
Q

attachment of stapes

A

incus to oval window of inner ear

107
Q

muscles of inner ear and function

A

stapedius - dampens sounds

108
Q

Function of CN9 in middle ear (2)

A
  1. Pregang. para fibers pass through on way to otic gang for parotid - enters via tympanic and leaves via lesser petrosal
  2. sensory to middle ear and auditory tube
109
Q

path of chorda tympani in middle ear

A

Facial nerve via aud. meatus>give chorda tympani>through middle ear>joins lingual>taste from ant. 2/3 of tongue

110
Q

3 parts of inner ear

A

vestibule, cochlea, semicircular canals

111
Q

Functions of cochlear duct and vestibular apparatus

A
  1. Cochlear - heaing

2. vest - balance and motion

112
Q

innervation of inner ear

A

CN8

113
Q

liquid in inner ear

A

perilymph

114
Q

5 connections of PtP fossa and through what

A
  1. infratemporal - pterygomaxilary
  2. Orbit - infraorbital groove
  3. mouth - greater palatine canal
  4. middle cranial fossa - foramen rotundum
  5. nose - sphenopalatine foramen
115
Q

Lymph nodes and region (5)

A
  1. Submental - chin
  2. Submandibular - under mandible
  3. parotid - in front of ear
  4. retroauricular - behind ear
  5. occipital - near back of head

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