Childhood leukemia Flashcards
1
Q
3 childhood red flags
A
- back pain must be investigated
- supraclavicular LAD is patho until proven otherwise
- hepatosplenomegaly = systemic process
2
Q
what is sig. of childhood CA
A
rare but leading cause of death beyond infancy
- blood and bone CA
3
Q
what is genral outcome
A
good cure rate
- many have chronic health conditions
4
Q
what types are most childhool
A
95% acute leukemia
-ALL - 80%
-AML - 15%
chroinc
5
Q
what is epi of ALL
A
- most common peds
- M>F
- whitw>black
- peak 2-5yrs
6
Q
what are leukemia outcomes
A
ALL - 90% survival
AML - 60% survivial
7
Q
4 tests for leukemia
A
- blood count and smear
- bone marrow aspirate and biopsy
- LP for CSF exam
- testicular exam
8
Q
what is seen in ALL peripheral blood
A
- WBC may be low, norm, or high
- Hgb may be normal or low
- 20% don;t have blasts
9
Q
3 risk factors for leuk
A
genetic - in utero - polymorphisms - down's syndrome env - rads - chems infection
10
Q
what is clinical presentation
A
- non specific
- lack of marrow output
- related to extramedullary disease
11
Q
3 problems due to lack of marrow output
A
- Hb
- pallor, fatigue, irritable - WBC
- fever, sepsis - platelets
- bruising, bleeds
12
Q
5 Sx related to blasts
A
- bone pain
- hepatosplenomegaly
- lymphadenopathy
- lymph presentation
- hyperleukocytosis ( sludging)
13
Q
2 types of extramedullary disease
A
- CNS
- most asymptomaitc
- may be ICP
- may be parenchymal - seizure, plasies - testicles
- painless enlargement
14
Q
5 things that can harm patient in first 24 hours
A
- hyperleuko
- tumor lysis syndrome
- mediastinal mass
- infection
- bleeding
15
Q
5 further tests
A
- chemisties
- CXR
- blood cultures
- type and screen
- INR/PTT
