heart failure and heart muscle disease Flashcards
def. heart failure
clinical syndrome with multiple causes
- inability to pump blood forward at suff, rate to meet body demands
3 functional classes of HF
- HF with reduced ejection fraction - dilated heart
- HF with preserved EF - stiff heart
- R HF
- can be pure, but often in combo
causes of HF
often the end stage of multiple patho processes
- patho changes are due to attempted changes
- these changes beget further changes
what are 2 main types of cardiomyopathies
primary - usually genetic
secondary
- many ways to damage the myocytes
3 classic STRUCTURAL forms of cardiomyopathies
- dilated pattern - large chamber
- hypertrophied pattern - chamber small, wall thick
- restrictive pattern - stiff heart - amyliod
- can all be caused by many different disease processes
what is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
specific type of heart muscle disease - genetic basis
- other forms of hypertrophy can make a hypertrophied pattern - aquired
1. hypertensive
2. fabry’s disease
3. LVH due to aortic valve disease
features of dilated cardiomyopathy
- remodelling and hypertrophy
- forward and backward failure
- can be prmary or secondary
what is major complication of dilated chambers
development of mural thrombi
what might be seen in patho of different causes of DCM
- amyloid
- hemochromatosis - Fe
- myocardidis - lymphocytes
what is most common pattern of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
asymettric septal hypertrophy
- scar common
what is issue with scarring
arrythmogenic foci
- prone to sudden death
what is hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopahy
- clincial diagnosis
- mitral valve agaisnt septum causing obs. to blood flow
2 variants of obstructive
- apical - at base only
2. concentric - all around base
2 Tx opf obstructive
- alcolohol ablation of the vein supplying the muscle
2. shave it off in surg
what is hypertrophied heart
NOT hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- due to HT
- common in pop
