heart failure and heart muscle disease Flashcards

1
Q

def. heart failure

A

clinical syndrome with multiple causes

- inability to pump blood forward at suff, rate to meet body demands

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2
Q

3 functional classes of HF

A
  1. HF with reduced ejection fraction - dilated heart
  2. HF with preserved EF - stiff heart
  3. R HF
    - can be pure, but often in combo
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3
Q

causes of HF

A

often the end stage of multiple patho processes

  • patho changes are due to attempted changes
  • these changes beget further changes
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4
Q

what are 2 main types of cardiomyopathies

A

primary - usually genetic
secondary
- many ways to damage the myocytes

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5
Q

3 classic STRUCTURAL forms of cardiomyopathies

A
  1. dilated pattern - large chamber
  2. hypertrophied pattern - chamber small, wall thick
  3. restrictive pattern - stiff heart - amyliod
    - can all be caused by many different disease processes
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6
Q

what is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

specific type of heart muscle disease - genetic basis

  • other forms of hypertrophy can make a hypertrophied pattern - aquired
    1. hypertensive
    2. fabry’s disease
    3. LVH due to aortic valve disease
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7
Q

features of dilated cardiomyopathy

A
  • remodelling and hypertrophy
  • forward and backward failure
  • can be prmary or secondary
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8
Q

what is major complication of dilated chambers

A

development of mural thrombi

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9
Q

what might be seen in patho of different causes of DCM

A
  • amyloid
  • hemochromatosis - Fe
  • myocardidis - lymphocytes
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10
Q

what is most common pattern of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

asymettric septal hypertrophy

- scar common

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11
Q

what is issue with scarring

A

arrythmogenic foci

- prone to sudden death

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12
Q

what is hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopahy

A
  • clincial diagnosis

- mitral valve agaisnt septum causing obs. to blood flow

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13
Q

2 variants of obstructive

A
  1. apical - at base only

2. concentric - all around base

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14
Q

2 Tx opf obstructive

A
  1. alcolohol ablation of the vein supplying the muscle

2. shave it off in surg

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15
Q

what is hypertrophied heart

A

NOT hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

  • due to HT
  • common in pop
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16
Q

what is restrictive cardiopyopathy

A

infiltration of fibrois tissue or other substance into wall andmakes it stiff

  • sarcoidosis
  • amyoidosis
17
Q

what is HF with preserved ejection fraction (4 feat.)

A

diastolic HF

  1. impaired relaxation - can’t fill
  2. incr. LV stiffness -
  3. atrial dysfunction - esp if dilated
  4. F>M
18
Q

what is another type of cardiomyopathy

A

arrythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy - ARVC

19
Q

what is aRVC

A

fibro-fatty depostion into the R and L vent

- maybe heritable

20
Q

what is another name for R sided HF

A

cor pulmonale

- typically secondary to pulm disease or congenital heart disease with R to L shunt