Connective tissue

Question 1

3 main types of connective tissue

Answer 1

1. ordinary
2. cartiledge
3. bone

Question 2

2 types of ordinary connective tissue

Answer 2

1. loose

2. dense

Question 3

3 types of cartilage

Answer 3

1. hyaline
2. elastic
3. fibro

Question 4

2 main parts of extracellular matrix

Answer 4

1. fibers

2. ground substance

Question 5

3 types of fibers conn tissue

Answer 5

1. collagen
2. reticular - type 3 fibers
3. elastic - fbrulin and elastin

Question 6

types of collagen in bone vs. cart.

Answer 6

bone - type 1

cart. type 2

Question 7

3 main things in ground substance

Answer 7

1. glycoproteins
2. proteoglycans
3. tissue fluid

Question 8

make-up and function of glycoproteins

Answer 8

• protein with carbo in it

- link parts of ECM with each other

Question 9

make-up and function of proteoglycans

Answer 9

• sugars with some proteins embedded

- bind tissue fluid

Question 10

4 causes of edema

Answer 10

1. disruption of normal gradients
2. excess prodution
3. reduced venous clearance
4. reduced lymphatic clearance

Question 11

make-up of basement membrane

Answer 11

type 4 and 7 collagen, proteoglycans, glycoproteins

Question 12

functions of basement membrane (3)

Answer 12

1. binding cells together
2. filtration (endothelial cells)
3. cell signalling

Question 13

7 different types of cells in ordinary CT

Answer 13

1. fibroblast
2. plasma cells
3. mast cells
4. fat
5. macrophages
6. leukocytes
7. undifferentiated progenitor cells

Question 14

Features of fibroblasts

Answer 14

• produce fibers, proteoglycans in matrix

- elongated cells with oval nucl.

Question 15

Features of plasma cells

Answer 15

• antibody producing
• from b-lymphocytes
• small cells with basophilic cytoplasm

Question 16

Features of mast cells

Answer 16

• mediate inflammation and hypersens. reactions
• oval with granule cytoplasm
• activated by trauma or contact with antigen

Question 17

What activated mast cells release

Answer 17

1. histamine > vasodilation, vascular permiability
2. NCF - attracts neutrophils
3. ECF - attract eosonophils

Question 18

Features of fat cells

Answer 18

• store fat

- thin ring of cytoplasm with fat in middle

Question 19

Features of macrophages

Answer 19

• eat other cells

- antigen presenting

Question 20

Features of leukocytes

Answer 20

• all WCBs

- increased # indicates inflammation

Question 21

3 types of ordinary connective tissue

Answer 21

1. loose (areolar)
2. dense
3. Cartilage

Question 22

4 features of loose tissue

Answer 22

1. more ground sub
2. fewer conn. fibers
3. more cells (nucleas)
4. greater cell variety

Question 23

4 feature of dense tissue

Answer 23

1. less ground
2. more coll
3. less cells
4. predominately fibroblasts

Question 24

2 types of dense conn. tussue

Answer 24

1. regular - ligaments etc. - unipolar fibers - strong

2. irregular - deep fascia - many fiber directions

Question 25

cells of cart.

Answer 25

chondrocytes

Question 26

how cart. gets nourishment

Answer 26

diffusion, no blood vessels

Question 27

make-up of cart.

Answer 27

type 2 collagen, chondroitin and kertine sulfate

Question 28

3 types of cart.

Answer 28

1. hyaline
2. elatic
3. fibrocart.

Question 29

Feature of hyaline cart.

Answer 29

• most abundant

- nasal, growth plates, fetal skeleton

Question 30

Feature of elastic cart.

Answer 30

• flexible and resilient- dense elastic fibers

- 3Es epiglottis, eustacian tube, external ear

Question 31

Feat. of firbocart.

Answer 31

• intermediate strength
• found where pulling occurs - mesici, tendon insertions
• blends into connective tissue

Question 32

2 types of cart. growth

Answer 32

1. interstitial - expansion from within

2. appositional - growth at edge of existing cart.

Question 33

Cells of 2 types of cart. growth

Answer 33

1. interstitial - chondrocytes

2. appositional - progenitor cells