Collagen Flashcards

1
Q

3 main tissues in connective tissues

A
  1. collagen
  2. elastin
  3. proteoglycans
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2
Q

3 main properties of collagens

A
  1. tensile strength
  2. compression resistance
  3. specialized networks
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3
Q

what is at ends of collagens

A

registration peptides

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4
Q

featuure of collagen chain

A

Gly-X-Y

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5
Q

What allows 3 helix structure

A

registration peptides @ C-terminal + Gly/x/y repeat

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6
Q

what keeps strand together after peptides cleaved off

A

H-bond > tropocollagen

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7
Q

what links 2 triple chains

A

lysine and hydroxylysine covalent crosslinks

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8
Q

what a group of many chains together create

A

quarter stagger array

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9
Q

3 types of collagen fiber org. and their locations

A
  1. unidirectional - tendon
  2. random - skin
  3. orthoganal - cornea
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10
Q

what happens if don’t convert proline to hydroproline

A

no H-bonds - loose joints, teeth fall out, weak bones - scurvy

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11
Q

what is needed to convert proline to hydroxyproline

A

Fe - vit C

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12
Q

what happens if don’t convert lysine to hydroxylisine (lacking Vit. C)

A

Ehlers Daniels Type 6

- super extensible skin, joint laxity, detached lenses

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13
Q

what happens if fail to remove N-registration peptide

A

Ehlers Daniels Type 7

  • interferes with collagen fiber packing
  • skin brittle, congenital dislocations
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14
Q

what happens if fail to form lysine/hydroxylisine cross-link

A

cutis laxa - decreased crosslinking - loose floppy skin - sharpei

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15
Q

causes of fail to form lysine/hydroxylisine cross-link

A

defects in copper metbolism

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16
Q

2 major types of genetic collagen

A
  1. continuous - types 1,2,3

2. discontinuous - types 4

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17
Q

locations of Type 1 collagen

A

skin, bone, tendon, ligament

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18
Q

locations of Type 2 collagen

A

cartilage, cornea,

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19
Q

locations of Type 3 collagen

A

fetal skin, vasuclar tissues

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20
Q

locations of Type 4 collagen

A

basement membrane

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21
Q

feature of discontinuous collagen

A

registration peptide not removed

22
Q

cause of chondroplasias

A

mutations in type 2,9,10,11

23
Q

consequences of chondroplasia

A

malformations in articular cart
joint deformities
familial osteoartritis

24
Q

what happens for mutations in type 3 coll.

A

EDS type 4 - most severe phenotype

  • thin translucent skin
  • fragile blood vessels
25
what happens for mutations in type 4 coll.
Alport syndrome - def. in basement membrane - glomerulnephritis, kidney failure - hearing loss
26
what happens for mutations in type 7 coll.
dystrophic epidermolysis - failure of demis to anchor - severe blistering of skin to minor trauma
27
what happens for mutations in type 1 coll.
osteogenisis imperfecta | - bone fragility, blue sclera, hearing loss
28
cause of osteogenisis imperfecta (2)
1. silent allele causes deletion so one of the 3 triple helix strands to not form 2. point mutation - Gly to Cys - kinks triple chain
29
chances of mutation in osteogenisis imperfecta based on allele?
a2 - 1/2 messed up (choose once) | a1 - 3/4 messed up (choose twice)
30
Important chars. of elastin
- single gene - don't lay more down - mechanical durability
31
changes in dist. of elastin vs. collagen
as go from aortic arch down becomes less elastic
32
what is structure of tropoelastin
alternating hydrophobic and crosslinking domains
33
3 basic layers of aorta
1. intimal 2. medial 3. adventitial
34
what part unravels when elastin pulled
hydrophobic domains - refold in polar H2O
35
consequences of supravalvular aortic stenosis
- narrowing of arterial vessels
36
cause of supravalvular aortic stenosis
- frameshift mutations, translocations - one allele doesn't function - 1/2 the elastin - gene/dose effect
37
consequences of williams-beuren
- SVAS is common | - cocktail personality
38
causes of williams-beuren
- large deletion of chrom 7
39
consequences of cutis laxa
- loose saggy skin
40
causes of cutis laxa
- frameshift mutation near c-term | - disordered, fragmented elastics
41
probs from hypertension
- vessel deposits extra elastin due to pressure which fills in vessel
42
causes of arteriosclerosis
1. elastic lamina fragments 2. smooth muscle migrated to intimal layer 3. thickening of intimal layer causes plaque
43
causes of emphysema
breakdown of elastin in alveoli
44
what does elastin form on
scafolding of microfibrils
45
causes of marfans
defects in fibrillin-1 > can't make microfibrils
46
features of proteoglycans
- viscous - resist compression - regulate macromolecule diffusion - bind and trap cations
47
basic structure of proteoglycans
protein core with attached glycosaminoglycan | - form bottlebrush shape of core of hyaluronic acid
48
causes of lysosomal storage diseases
- don't have enzymes to break down proteoglycans | - they build up in lysosomes
49
cause of hurler's syndrome
- don't have specific enzyme (iduronidase)
50
consequences of hurler's
- accumulate heparin sulfates - progressive cell, tissue, organ damage - corneal clouding - severe mental retardation
51
function of fibronectin and laminin (3)
1. link matrix to matrix and cells 2. organize matrix 3. outside-in signalling