transmission of infection and infection control Flashcards
what is a reservoir
living or non-living material in/on which an infectious agent multiplies or develops
what is a mode of transportation
how infectious agents are passed from one person to another
3 main portals of entry
- skin
- mucosa
- transplant
what is incubation period
time from entry to the time of first Sx
what is period of communicability
time period in which an infectious agent can still be transmitted
what are control measures
measures taken to reduce the transmission of infectious material
2 levels of control measures
- public health - pop. level
2. infecition control - hospital level
5 main modes of transmission
- contact
- droplet
- aitborne
- vector borne
- common vehicle
3 types of contact
- direct - kissing
- indirect through fomite - passing a ball
- fecal-oral
what are droplet transmission
large resp droplets can travel up to 2 meters - cold virus
what are airborne
micro-organisms that result in evaporation and can spread in the air - TB
what is vector borne
intects etc. - west nile
what is common vehicle
SINGLE contaminated source- bad meat
5 public health measures to reduce infection
- vaccines
- post-exposure prophylaxis
- reportable disease
- contact tracing
- quarantine
3 types of post-exposure prohylaxis
- vaccine
- Ig
- anti-virals
what is contact tracing
track all people that have been exposed during the period of communicability
what is quaranitine
restriciton of activities of people that have been expose to a disease
what are nosocomial infections
hospital aquired infections - 8000 death/year
what are 5 infection control measures (hospital)
- surveillance
- routine practices
- additional precautions
- decolonizatiopn
- post-exposure prohylaxis
4 types of things that might be surveyed
- surgical site infetions
- UTIs
- vasculkar infections
- problem bacteria
2 methods of surveillance
1, manual - go into files and look
2. automatic - use keywords in EMR
what are routine practices
practices that should be used for all patients
what are additional precautions
precautions used in addition to routine practices for certain pathogens
3 contact precautions
- wash hands
- wear gown
- 1 pair of gloves
5 droplet procautions
- wash hands
- wear gown
- 1 pair of gloves
- eye protection
- mask
4 airborne precautions
- hands
- neg. pressure room
- keep door closed
- N95 mask
what is decolonization
topical and systemic antibiotics to reduce the chances of tranmission by reducing the load
7 steps in outbreak investigation
- confirm existence of outbreak
- dev. case definition
- create an epi-curve
- assemble team
- institue control measures
- evaluate efficacy of control measures
- declare outbreak over
3 types of outbreaks
- point source - all infections at once
- common source - one person ill but infects others over time
- propagated outbreak - spreads from person to person
