transmission of infection and infection control

Question 1

what is a reservoir

Answer 1

living or non-living material in/on which an infectious agent multiplies or develops

Question 2

what is a mode of transportation

Answer 2

how infectious agents are passed from one person to another

Question 3

3 main portals of entry

Answer 3

1. skin
2. mucosa
3. transplant

Question 4

what is incubation period

Answer 4

time from entry to the time of first Sx

Question 5

what is period of communicability

Answer 5

time period in which an infectious agent can still be transmitted

Question 6

what are control measures

Answer 6

measures taken to reduce the transmission of infectious material

Question 7

2 levels of control measures

Answer 7

1. public health - pop. level

2. infecition control - hospital level

Question 8

5 main modes of transmission

Answer 8

1. contact
2. droplet
3. aitborne
4. vector borne
5. common vehicle

Question 9

3 types of contact

Answer 9

1. direct - kissing
2. indirect through fomite - passing a ball
3. fecal-oral

Question 10

what are droplet transmission

Answer 10

large resp droplets can travel up to 2 meters - cold virus

Question 11

what are airborne

Answer 11

micro-organisms that result in evaporation and can spread in the air - TB

Question 12

what is vector borne

Answer 12

intects etc. - west nile

Question 13

what is common vehicle

Answer 13

SINGLE contaminated source- bad meat

Question 14

5 public health measures to reduce infection

Answer 14

1. vaccines
2. post-exposure prophylaxis
3. reportable disease
4. contact tracing
5. quarantine

Question 15

3 types of post-exposure prohylaxis

Answer 15

1. vaccine
2. Ig
3. anti-virals

Question 16

what is contact tracing

Answer 16

track all people that have been exposed during the period of communicability

Question 17

what is quaranitine

Answer 17

restriciton of activities of people that have been expose to a disease

Question 18

what are nosocomial infections

Answer 18

hospital aquired infections - 8000 death/year

Question 19

what are 5 infection control measures (hospital)

Answer 19

1. surveillance
2. routine practices
3. additional precautions
4. decolonizatiopn
5. post-exposure prohylaxis

Question 20

4 types of things that might be surveyed

Answer 20

1. surgical site infetions
2. UTIs
3. vasculkar infections
4. problem bacteria

Question 21

2 methods of surveillance

Answer 21

1, manual - go into files and look

2. automatic - use keywords in EMR

Question 22

what are routine practices

Answer 22

practices that should be used for all patients

Question 23

what are additional precautions

Answer 23

precautions used in addition to routine practices for certain pathogens

Question 24

3 contact precautions

Answer 24

1. wash hands
2. wear gown
3. 1 pair of gloves

Question 25

5 droplet procautions

Answer 25

1. wash hands 2. wear gown 3. 1 pair of gloves 4. eye protection 5. mask

Question 26

4 airborne precautions

Answer 26

1. hands 2. neg. pressure room 3. keep door closed 4. N95 mask

Question 27

what is decolonization

Answer 27

topical and systemic antibiotics to reduce the chances of tranmission by reducing the load

Question 28

7 steps in outbreak investigation

Answer 28

1. confirm existence of outbreak 2. dev. case definition 3. create an epi-curve 4. assemble team 5. institue control measures 6. evaluate efficacy of control measures 7. declare outbreak over

Question 29

3 types of outbreaks

Answer 29

1. point source - all infections at once 2. common source - one person ill but infects others over time 3. propagated outbreak - spreads from person to person