Kidney CA Flashcards
1
Q
2 main benign renal lesions
A
- renal cyst
2. angiolyolipoma (AML)
2
Q
what are renal cysts
A
fluid filled sac in renal parenchyma
- common
- M>F
- increase with age
- most benign, some have malig potential
3
Q
what is needed to diagnose renal cysts
A
radiological Dx
- US is good most of the time
- CT/MR for complex issues
4
Q
4 features of a simple renal cyst on US
A
- anechoiuc- dark
- well defined wall
- posterior acoustic enhancement
- no internal calcification or solid
5
Q
3 features of simple cyst on CT
A
- homogenous
- low (water) density
- no internal enhancement
6
Q
3 features of simple cyst on MR
A
- homogenous
- follows fluid on all sequences (T1 dark, T2 bright)
- no internal enhancements
7
Q
what is classification system for cysts
A
Bosniak system - radiologic based 1. simple - no malig 2. mild complex - 1-2% malig 2F. complex - 10-15 malig 3. sig. complex - 40-50 malig 4. CA until proven otherwise
8
Q
what is follow up for classes
A
1 and 2 - no follow-up
2F - imaging surveillace
3 and 4 - surgery
9
Q
what are features of type 1
A
- simple benign
- thin walled
- water density
- so septa or calcifications
10
Q
features of type 2
A
11
Q
features of type 3
A
- mural or septal thinkening
- both benign and malig. lesions
12
Q
featues of type 4
A
fulfills type 3
- clearly malig
- enhancing soft tissue component indep. of cyst wall or septa
13
Q
features of 2F
A
- F for follow-up
- well marginated
- may contain multiple thin walled septa
- minimal mural or septal thinkening
14
Q
what is AML
A
- benign tumor with variable amounts of blood vessels, muscle, or fat
- f>M, rare before puberty
- most sporadic
- usually asymptomatic
15
Q
what is path of AML
A
- see all three elements
- + HMB stain, - cytokeratin stain
