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Undeleted > Sleep > Flashcards

Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

what is sleep

A

reversible behav. state of perceptual disengagement from and unresponsiveness to the env

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2
Q

3 ways sleep is measured

A
  1. EEG
  2. EOG
  3. Chin EMG
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3
Q

4 key neurotransmitters to waking state

A
  1. histamine
  2. norepi
  3. serotonin
  4. ach
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4
Q

what shows in EEG, EOG and EMG in waking state

A

EEG: low voltage, high freq, alpha rhythm
EOG: rapid, blinking
tone: high

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5
Q

what shows in EEG, EOG and EMG in sleep N1

A

EEG:

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6
Q

what shows in EEG, EOG and EMG in sleep N2

A

EEG: vertex K complexes with high voltage negatives
EOG: still
tone: high

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7
Q

what shows in EEG, EOG and EMG in sleep N3/4 -slow wave

A

EEG: slow wave - high voltage, low freq
EOG: still
tone: low
+ GH release, restorative sleep

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8
Q

what shows in EEG, EOG and EMG in sleep REM

A

EEG: mixed freq, low volt, sawtooth
EOG: rapid
tone: very low
+ irreg. resp, dreaming state

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9
Q

2 phases of REM sleep

A
  1. tonic - impaired thermoreg, hypotension, bradycardia, increased cerebral blood, ICP, erection
  2. phasic - vasoconstricion, increased bP, tachycard, even high cerebreal flow and ICP
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10
Q

what generates REM sleep

A

pons critical

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11
Q

% of night in each stage

A

N1 -5%
N2 - 50
N3 - 20
REM - 25

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12
Q

2 key factors in control of sleep

A

process C - circadian

process S - sleepoiness

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13
Q

where is sleep initiated

A

activity in VLPO - increases in adenosine

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14
Q

sleep changes with age

A

newborn: 18hrs
adol. : 10
adults: 7-9
as age delta sleep goes down

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15
Q

3 key sleep measures

A
  1. sleep onset latency - should be under 10min
  2. REM latency - should be 90
  3. sleep effic. - time asleep/time in bed - should be 90%
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16
Q

6 drugs affecting sleep

A
  1. anithistamines -drowsy
  2. stimulants
  3. caffeine -adenosine antag
  4. benzos - reduce slow wave
  5. antidepress - reduce REM
  6. Alcohol - faster onset, but more arousals
17
Q

what is circadian rhythm

A

internal pacemaker set to 24hrs

18
Q

where is main control center of circadian rhythm

A

SCN - has control over slave organs, but they also have indiv. molecular control

19
Q

3 general types of insommnia and causes

A
  1. initiation - rule out restless legs and breathing
  2. maintenance- intrinisic sleep problems
  3. awakinging - depression or breathing
20
Q

3 examples of insomnia subtypes

A
  1. psychophysiologic - learned behaviors
  2. sleep state mispercetion - think they are up all night, but aren’t
  3. fatal family insomnia- rare neurodegen. disorder
21
Q

5 behav. treatments for insomnia

A
  1. sleep log
  2. sleep hygene
  3. stim. control
  4. sleep restriction
  5. relaxation response
22
Q

what is sleep apnea

A

disordered breathing causing waking, with sig. morbidity (hypertension, stroke, sleepiness, accidents)

23
Q

clinical aspects of obstructive sleep apnea

A
  1. 17 inch neck circumference
  2. obesity
  3. excessive daytime sleepiness
  4. morning headache
  5. nasal disorders
  6. position or alcohol
  7. neuromuscular disorders
24
Q

diff between apnea and hyponea

A

apnea - no breathing for 10 minutes

hypopnea - reduced airflow for 10 minutes

25
Q

3 types of apnea

A
  1. obstructive - paradox of muscles
  2. central - no effort
  3. mixed
26
Q

causes of central sleep apnea (6)

A
  1. heart failure
  2. syringopulbia
  3. lateral medullary syndrome
  4. other brainstem function
  5. atlantoaxial subluxation
  6. myotonic dystrophy
27
Q

what is restless legs

A

urge to move accompanied by uncomfortable sensation that are releived with movement

28
Q

relation of RLS to periodic limb movement disorder

A

90% of RLS have PLMD

50% of PLMD have RLS

29
Q

causes of RLS (4)

A
  1. central spactiticy or peripheral radiculopathy
  2. alcohol
  3. pregnancy
  4. Fe def.
30
Q

treatment of RLS (3)

A
  1. underlying conditions
  2. DOPA agonists before bed
  3. sinemet - avoid
31
Q

tetrad of narcolepsy

A
  1. excessive daytime sleepiness
  2. cataplexy
  3. sleep onset dreaming
  4. sleep paralysis
32
Q

3 treatments of narcolepsy

A
  1. strategic napping
  2. alerting agents (amphetimies)
  3. anticataplectic (antidep, methyphenidate)
33
Q

2 receptors inmportant for narcolepsy

A
  1. orexin

2. hypocretin

34
Q

2 main classes of parasomnia

A
  1. slow wave arousals - terrors, walking, sex, talking

2. REM disorders - easy to awaken and report corresponding dreams

35
Q

what is predictive about REM sleep disorders

A

90% develop parkinsons - can be treated with clonazepam

36
Q

what is sleep related epilepsy

A

seizure more common in sleep - esp 2 hours after onset

37
Q

3 types of sleep related epilepsy

A
  1. benign epi. of childhood
  2. electric status epilepticus during sleep
  3. nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia
38
Q

what happens to sleep in depression

A

loss of REM latency

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