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Undeleted > Fertilization-5 weeks > Flashcards

Fertilization-5 weeks Flashcards

1
Q

function of meiosis

A

halves chromosomes - 23 pair to singles

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2
Q

of chomosomes, autosomes, sex chromosomes in somatic cell

A

46 chromosomes, 23 pairs, 22 pairs of autosomes, 2 sex

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3
Q

of chomosomes, autosomes, sex chromosomes in gamete

A

23 chromosomes, 23 singles, 22 single of autosomes, 1 sex

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4
Q

proportion of newborns with abnormal chromosome #

A

1:160

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5
Q

define non-disjunction

A

failure of proper separation leading to aneuploidy

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6
Q

end cells of non-disjunction in Mei 1

A

2 with 24 (leads to trisomy) and 2 with 22 (leads to monosomy)

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7
Q

end cells of non-disjunciton in Mei 2

A

2 normal, 1 with 24, 1 with 22

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8
Q

actions in 2 phases of spermatogenisis

A
  1. spermatogonia>Mei 1 and 2>spermatids

2. spermatids>spermiogenesis>spermatozoa

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9
Q

sperm cell production per day

A

50-150 million

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10
Q

production points and amounts of seminal fluid

A

seminal vesicles (60%), prostate (30), bulbourethrea glands (10)

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11
Q

names for lack of sperm and abnormal sperm

A

lack -azoospermia

weird - oliogspermia

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12
Q

normal site of fert.

A

ampulla of uterine tube

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13
Q

life span of sperm

A

2-6 days

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14
Q

life span of oocyte

A

24 hours

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15
Q

function of sperm capacitation

A
  1. egg attach

2. acrosome reaction

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16
Q

stages of oogenisis and timeline

A

primary oocyte>9/10 of mei 1 (fetal, ends at ovulation)>secondary oocyte>mei 2 (just before ovulaiton, only complete if fert.)>ovum

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17
Q

contents of primordial follicle

A

primary oocyte arrested in prophase until ovulation

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18
Q

layers of primary follicles and function

A

primary oocyte
zona pellucida - extracellular matrix
follicular cells - secrete estrogen
theca produce androgens

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19
Q

diff between primary and sec. follicles

A

larger and have antrum (fluid filled spaces)

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20
Q

time for primary follicle to dev into mature secondary follicle (graffian)

A

3 months

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21
Q

time of meiosis 2 in oocyte

A

just before ovulation (out of ovary)

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22
Q

creation of meiosis 1

A

secondary oocyte and 1st polar body

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23
Q

remnants of ovulation

A

corpus luteum

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24
Q

stages of fertiliazation

A

sperm-zone binding>acrosome reaction>sperm egg binding

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25
Q

define zona binding

A

sites on sperm cell membrane bind with zona pellucida

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26
Q

define acrosome reaction

A

outer part of acrosome fuses and release enzymes to penetrate zona pellucida

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27
Q

define sperm egg binding

A

ligand on sperm membrane binds with receptor on secondary oocyte

28
Q

block to polyspermia

A

sperm cell membrane contact>cortical granules>zona reaction

29
Q

point of mei 2

A

immed. following fertilization

30
Q

time until first cleavage

A

24 hrs then 12>24>12 etc

31
Q

name of cells created by cleavage

A

blastomeres

32
Q

name of collection of blastomeres

A

morula

33
Q

stage at which compaction occurs

A

8 cell - bw 3 and 4 divs

34
Q

name of inner and outer cells formed in cell compaction

A

outer- trophoblast

inner - inner cell mass

35
Q

name of fluid filled cavity in morula

A

blastocyst

36
Q

time until implantation

A

5-6 days

37
Q

products of trophoblast joining the endometrium

A

syncytiotrophoblast - invades endometrium

cytotrophoblast - what is left

38
Q

what prevents early implantation

A

zona pellucida

39
Q

frequency of ectopic preg

A

1/100

40
Q

most common location of ectopic

A

tubal

41
Q

product of implantation from inner cell mass

A

bilaminar disc
hypoblast - towards blastocyst - no direct contribution
epiblast - develops amniotic cavity

42
Q

two balloons which bilaminar disc is sandwiched between

A

yolk sac and amniotic cavity

43
Q

period of gastrulation

A

3rd week

44
Q

direction of proliferation epiblast cells

A

medial and caudal

45
Q

name of cranial end of primitive streak

A

hensen’s node

46
Q

layer formed between epiblast and endoderm

A

mesoderm

47
Q

layer formed by remaining epiblast cells

A

ectoderm

48
Q

layer formed by ingressing cells of epiblast

A

endoderm

49
Q

end of tissues that are more progressive

A

rostral end

50
Q

organizer of embryonic development

A

notochord

51
Q

tissues created by ectoderm

A

nervous system, tissues of body surface, glands that connect to body surface

52
Q

3 stages of neurulation

A
  1. induction of neural plate - initiated by notochord
  2. elevation of neural folds - neural crest cells begin to roll up
  3. fusion of neural folds - contact os made to creat a tube
53
Q

direction in which neurulation occurs

A

both rostral and caudal

54
Q

fate of neural crest cells

A

various different nervous system structures

55
Q

tissues created by endoderm

A

lining of GI, secretory cells of GI, lining of resp system

56
Q

2 directions of embryonic folding and their products

A
  1. long axis - foregut and hindgut

2. short axis - midgut

57
Q

products of foregut

A

mouth, eso ,and down to bile duct (Celiac)

58
Q

products of midgut

A

small intestine from bile duct to distal transvers colon (SMA)

59
Q

products of hindgut

A

distal trans colon to anus, bladder and urethra (IMA)

60
Q

tissues created by mesoderm

A

most muscle and connective tissue

61
Q

3 regions of mesoderm

A
  1. paraxial (inner)
  2. lateral (outer)
  3. intermediate
62
Q

embryonic stages of paraaxial mesoderm and porducts

A

somites - vert, ribs, skeletal muscles of body wall

63
Q

division and products of lateral mesoderm (3)

A
  1. somatic mesoderm - connective tissues, blood vessels of body wall and limbs
  2. splanchnic mesoderm - smooth muscle, blood vessels of GI
  3. intraembyronic coelom - main body cavities (pleura etc.)
64
Q

products of intermediate mesoderm

A

uriniary system and gonads

65
Q

what happens before Mei 1

A

DNA replication

66
Q

What happens at Mei 1

A

chromosomes separate

67
Q

what happens at mei 2

A

chromatids separate

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