Blood retina barrier

Question 1

what are 2 retinal blood supplies and what do they supply

Answer 1

inner 2/3 - retinal vascular system - arterioles, venues, caps
outer 1/3 - choroid, retinal pigment epithelium

Question 2

how is BRB retained

Answer 2

tight junctions between endothelial cells

Question 3

what are 2 pathologies involving breakdown of BRB

Answer 3

1. diabetic retinopathy - inner

2. age related macular degeneration - outer

Question 4

what is pathophys of diabetic retinopathy

Answer 4

1. capillary basement membrane thickens
2. pericyte loss
3. breakdown of BRB

Question 5

prev of diabetic retinopathy

Answer 5

most common cause of vision loss under 55

Question 6

2 types of diab. retin.

Answer 6

1. non-proliferative - retinal vessel closure- altered permiability
2. proliferative - abnormla growth of extra vasculatre tissue

Question 7

5 consequences of NPDR

Answer 7

1. hard exudates
2. dot-blot hemmorages
3. nerve fiber layers
4. microaneurysms
5. macular edema

Question 8

** what is most common cause of vision loss in NPDR

Answer 8

macular edema

Question 9

what is treatment of NPDR

Answer 9

macular lasers

Question 10

PDR complications (2)

Answer 10

1. retinal detachement if vitreous pulls off

2. if VEGF makes more vessels get a vitreous hemmorage when retina pulls off

Question 11

pathophys of PDR

Answer 11

get retina ischemia and secondary VEGF expression meaning neovasculariszation

Question 12

what is cause of sudden vision loss with floaters

Answer 12

vitreous hemmorage due to PDR

Question 13

treatment of PDR

Answer 13

laser ablate most of peripheral retina to decrease vascular needs

Question 14

3 systemic treatments of DR

Answer 14

1. control sugars and BP
2. maximize renal and cardiac funct
3. monitor lipids

Question 15

what is retinal pigment epithelium

Answer 15

metabolic monolayer responsible for photoreceptor manitenance

Question 16

what happens in age related macular degen

Answer 16

damages center of vision, but periphery not affected

Question 17

pathophys of AMD

Answer 17

1. breakdown of out BRB
2. drusen deposition
3. thickening of bruch’s
4. loss of RPE cells
5. growth of abnormal vessels into retina

Question 18

2 types of AMD and prev

Answer 18

wet - 15%

dry - 85%

Question 19

what is dry AMD

Answer 19

drusen depositions

Question 20

what is wet AMD

Answer 20

choroidal neovascularizatiokn

Question 21

treatment of wet AMD

Answer 21

intravitreal anti-VEGF