Disease screening

Question 1

what is screening

Answer 1

The application of a test, examination or other
procedure to the asymptomatic population to
distinguish between

Question 2

in a punnet square, who has a disease

Answer 2

TP and FNs

Question 3

what do you want a screening test to have

Answer 3

high sensitivity

Question 4

what is sensitivity

Answer 4

TP/TP+FN

Question 5

what are 4 sources of bias in screening

Answer 5

1. lead time bias
2. length time bias
3. selection bias
4. overdiagnosis bias

Question 6

what is lead time

Answer 6

time between screening and time it would have been found without screening

Question 7

what is length time bias

Answer 7

more slow cancers will be more likely to be found by screening

Question 8

what will screening find more of, fast or slow cancer

Answer 8

slow

Question 9

what is the selection bias

Answer 9

those that opt for screening also likely have better health behaviors and will appear to live longer

Question 10

what are 4 cons of screening

Answer 10

1. false positives -scary
2. false negative - miss it
3. discomfort
4. labelling

Question 11

what is pop-based screening

Answer 11

Population-based
screening is where a test
is offered systematically
to all individuals in the
defined target group
within a framework of
agreed policy, protocols,
quality management,
monitoring and evaluation

Question 12

what is case finding

Answer 12

Opportunistic case-finding
occurs when a test is
offered to an individual
without symptoms of the
disease when they present
to a health care
practitioner for reasons
unrelated to that disease

Question 13

what is breast cancer screening effect

Answer 13

25% reduction in
mortality with regular
screening in 50-69
year olds

Question 14

what is cervical cancer screening effect

Answer 14

Incidence reduced by
up to 80% with
regular screening

Question 15

what is colorectal screening effect

Answer 15

16% reduction in
mortality with regular
screening using FOBT;
20% reduction in
incidence with regular
screening

Question 16

what is mammography screening reccomendation

Answer 16

screen women 50 and up

Question 17

what is MRI screening reccomendation

Answer 17

high risk women 39 and up

Question 18

what is breast exam screening reccomnedation

Answer 18

not reccomended for women or clinically

Question 19

what are present cervical cancer guidelines

Answer 19

start at 21 and get one every 3 years

Question 20

what are special cervical screening categeories

Answer 20

HIV - annually
dysplasia - anually
pregnant - same
WSW - same and WSM
total hysterectomy - stop
subtotal - keep it up

Question 21

what is colorectal test

Answer 21

fecal occult blood test - if fine do each 2 years

Question 22

what is colorectal test for those with first relative

Answer 22

colonoscopy at age 50 or 10 years before the relative had it