Clinically important hyperplasias and metaplasias Flashcards
def endometrial hyperplasia
incr. proliferation of edno glands compared to surrounding stroma
cause of endometrial hyperplasia
excessive, prolonged, unoppposed E
4 features of endometrial hyperplasia
- common
- irreg. vag bleeding
- oft. obese/infertile
- physcial exam normal
pathological effects of endometrial hyperplasia (2)
- abnormal bleeding
2. increased risk of CA with increased risk from simple, complex and atypical
treatment of endometrial hyperplasia
- treat cause
- prog. therapy (pill)
- hyterectomy (choice and atypical)
def. prostatic hyperplasia
prlif of prostatic epithelium and stomal cells in urethra
cause of prostatic hyperplasia
hormonal changes with age, esp DHT
presentation of prostatic hyperplasia
- common
- many asymptomatic
- bladder outlet obstruction
- symettrical, rubbery prostate
effect on PT of prostatic hyperplasia
- bladder outlet obstruciton
2. no incr. risk of CA ( not actual proliferation, just lack of death)
treatment of prostatic hyperplasia
- decrease fluid
- 5 A reductase inhib.
- TURP
def squamous metaplasia of the cervix
PHYSIOLOGIC example of metaplasia
cause of squamous metaplasia of the cervix
exposure of columnar epithelium to the acid of vag at menarche
clinical features of squamous metaplasia of the cervix (3)
- ALL women
- asymptomatic
- cannot be prevented
pathological effects of squamous metaplasia of the cervix
increased risk of dysplasia and CA esp with HPV
treatment of squamous metaplasia of the cervix
- pap tests
- ID and treat dyplasia
- HPV vaccine
def. barrett’ esophagous
pathologic metaplasia of squamous epi thelium in lower esoph
cause of barrett’ esophagous
gastric reflux
4 clinical features of barrett’ esophagous
- Sx associated with GERD
- most GERD mild and managed
- severe GERD requires investigation
- on OGD - islands of velvety red mucosa
path effect of barrett’ esophagous on PT
incr risk of dysplasia and CA
treatment of barrett’ esophagous
- treat GERD
- screen for dysplasia
- treat dysplasia and CA
def intestinal metaplasia of the stomach
pathlogic metaplasi of gastric columnar epithelium
cause of intestinal metaplasia of the stomach
chronic h. pylori infection
4 clinical features of intestinal metaplasia of the stomach
- h pylori
- may be asymptomitc
- Sx of chronic gastritis
- gastroscopy and biopsy required
path effects of intestinal metaplasia of the stomach
- loss of parietal cells and hypoclorhydria
- H. pylori infeciton predisposes to ulcers
- incr risk of dysplasia and CA
