CV nutrition

Question 1

5 things that can be impacted by nutrition

Answer 1

1. lipid profile
2. BP
3. glucose
4. weight
5. overall nut. status
   NOT just lipids as an endpoint

Question 2

what is still promary target

Answer 2

LDL

Question 3

what is recommendation, source, and effect of saturated fats

Answer 3

recommendation: limit to

Question 4

what is recommendation, source, and effect of trans fats

Answer 4

def. bad

recommendation: limit to

Question 5

what is issue, recommendation, source, and effect of dietary chol

Answer 5

issue: can raise LDL
recommendation:

Question 6

what is issue, recommendation, source, and effect of unsaturated fats

Answer 6

issue: inverse relat. with CAD
recommendation: diet should be polyunsturated, then mono
Source: fish, nuts, seeds

Question 7

what is issue, recommendation, source, and effect of marine derived omega 3

Answer 7

issue: reduced risk of all told mortality
recommendation: 1000mg/day of EPA/DHA combined
Source: fatty fish, fish oil supplement

Question 8

what is issue, recommendation, source, and effect of plant derived omega 3

Answer 8

issue: relationship less clear
recommendation: 1100mg/day women, 1600, men
Source: flax, wlanuts, soybeans, oils

Question 9

what is issue, recommendation, source, and effect of plant sterols

Answer 9

issue: decrease LDL
recommendation: 2g/day
Source: sterol fortified products ( marg/ yogurt/fruit)
effect:LDL reduction of 6-15% without lowering HDL

Question 10

what is issue, recommendation, source, and effect of soluble fiber

Answer 10

issue: reduce risk of CHD, inhib chol. absorb.
recommendation: 5-10g/day
Source: whole grains, oats, veg, fuit
effect:LDL reduction of 3-5%

Question 11

what is issue, recommendation, source, and effect of antioxidants

Answer 11

issue: reduced CVDrisk, no benefit from supplement- maybe bad
recommendation: DIET rich in antioxidants
Source: whole grains, nuts, veg, fuit

Question 12

what is issue, recommendation, source, and effect of salt

Answer 12

issue: DASH helps
recommendation: 1500-2300mg/day
Source: salt
effect:reduction of 2-8mmhg

Question 13

2 diet patterns IDed as helpful

Answer 13

1. DASH

2. mediteranean

Question 14

5 goals of nutrition support following CV surg

Answer 14

1. maintain normal nutrition status
2. repletion of substrates
3. would healing
4. support immunity
5. support protein synthesis

Question 15

how to feed

Answer 15

is gut work, use it (ENteral)
- start early
if not TPN

Question 16

what is refeeding syndrome

Answer 16

starvation
- gluconeo slows
- FFA start to be used for ketones
during refeeding
- switch back to glucose
- requires all the K, Ph, Mg
- get all 3 in hypo