RBC disorders Flashcards
3 different disorders of RBCs
- anemia - too few RBCs
- polycythemia/erytrocytosis - too many RBCs
- polychromagia - too many young RBCs
amount of RBCs normally lost
1% per day
lifespan of RBC
90-120 days
definition of anemia
decrease in Hb resulting in ability to carry O2
symptoms of anemia
- fatigue
- headache
- lightheaded
- tachycardia
- shortness of breath
- heart failure
- hypotension
3 causes of anemia
- decreased production
- increased destruction
- dilution/sequestration
5 requirements to make a mature RBC
- stem cells
- normal bone marrow niche
- EPO
- normal genetic machinery
- building blocks - iron, B12, folic acid
name of early destruction of RBCs
hemolysis
2 causes of hemolysis and what they are
- extravascular - destroyed by liver/spleen
2. intravascular - destroyed in vessels
significance of 2 types of hemolysis
- extravascular - keep contents
2. intravascular - lose cell contents
5 internal reasons for RBC destructions
- structure problems - wrong shape
- abnormal hemoglobin - usually genetic
- qualitative prob. - sickle cell disease
- quanititative prob. - probs making it - thalassemia
- RBC machinery probs. - enzyme probs.
5 external factors for destruction
- drugs
- infections
- antibodies against
- vessel structure probs.
- vessel coagulation
cause of RBC dilution
too mcuh fluids
causes of RBC sequestration
splenomegaly - causes pancytopenia
2 keys things needed in approach to anemia
- RBC size (MCV) mean cell volume
- Reticulocyte count - # of new RBCs
- stain in new RNA shows the rets.
3 different size cats. of RBCs
- microcytic
- normocytic
- macrocytic
5 causes of microcyctic
- Thalassemia- common in medit.
- anemia of chronic disease
- iron def. - common
- lead poisoning
- sideroblasic
mneum. TAILS
8 causes of macrocytic
- reticulocytes - larger
- liver disease
- alcohol
- hypothyroid
- B12 def.
- folate def.
- drugs
- mylodysplasic syndrome
if normocytic and low retics
production problems - marrow
if normocytic and high or normal retics
- bleeding
- hemolysis
- sequestration
chain of EPO path
hypooxia>incr. EPO in kidney>RBC production in marrow>normoxia> EPO regulated
diff. between true and false polycythemia
true -actually too many
false - dehydration lower levels of plasma
2 types of polcythemia
- primary - make RBC w.out EPO
2. secondary - hypoxia (altitude), abnomrally increased EPO production
