Liver, pancreas

Question 1

what is CT capsule of liver

Answer 1

glissons capsule

Question 2

what is liver peritoneum state

Answer 2

mostly intraperitoneal, so has perit except for bare area

Question 3

what is structure unit of liver

Answer 3

lobule

Question 4

7 contents of liver lobule

Answer 4

1. hepatocytes
2. sinusoids
3. kupffer cells
4. central vein
5. space of disse
6. Ito cells
7. bile canaliculi

Question 5

what is in a portal triad (3-4)

Answer 5

1. hep. arteriole
2. hep. venuole
3. bile duct
   maybe a lymph vessel

Question 6

where does blood drain into in lobule

Answer 6

central vein

Question 7

where does canaliculi drain into

Answer 7

bile duct

Question 8

what keeps bile within canaliculi

Answer 8

tight junctions

Question 9

4 causes of jaundice

Answer 9

1. excess bilirubin production (too many RBC breakdown)
2. reduced uptake - can’t get into liver
3. decreased conjugation
4. reduced excretion - block

Question 10

what is bilirubin

Answer 10

leftover from breakdown of RBCs

Question 11

what is bilirubin conjugation

Answer 11

attachment of glucouronic acid to allow transfer out of liver and body

Question 12

what separates liver cell from sinusoid

Answer 12

space of disse

Question 13

what are kupffer cells

Answer 13

monocytes that have migrated and become stuck and now phagocytose garbbage

Question 14

what are Ito cells and what do they do

Answer 14

fat storage cells that may be responsible for liver cirrosis

Question 15

what is path of blood out of liver

Answer 15

sinusoids>central vein>hepatic vein>IVC

Question 16

2 other ways to organize a liver

Answer 16

1. portal lobule - centered on bile duct excretion patterns

2. liver acinus - based on blood flow

Question 17

layer of ble duct wall from in to out

Answer 17

1. mucosa
2. muscularis
3. adventitia/serosa

Question 18

which is serose vs. adventia

Answer 18

serosa - covered by peritoneum (outside)

adventita - liver side

Question 19

what divides lobules of pancreas

Answer 19

CT capsule that extend inward

Question 20

basic structure of exocrine gland

Answer 20

clusters of spherical galndular cells (acini) empty into intercalcated duct

Question 21

what do acinar cells secrete

Answer 21

digestive enzymes

Question 22

what is added by duct cells

Answer 22

watery alkaline fluid

Question 23

what stims acinar cells

Answer 23

CCK

Question 24

what stims duct cells

Answer 24

secretin

Question 25

what are 3 cells types of endocrine glands and what do they secrete

Answer 25

1. a cells (25%) - glucagon
2. B cells (60-70%) - insulin
3. omega cells - somatostatin

Question 26

how to differentiate islets of lang from autonomic ganglia

Answer 26

islets have small round cells, while autonomic ganglia are larger