pleura Flashcards
what is major diff between to layers of pleura
parietal has sense, visceral does not
where are 2 locations of pleural pain and where are they fekt
- diaphragm - in left shoulder
2. rest - at site of problem
what are openings in pleura, and what part holds them
stoma - only in parietal pleura
what prevents pleura from collapsing
pleural pressure is -5 at FRC and +30 at TLC
what stops gas from going into negative PP of pleura
negative PP of gases in caps.
4 functions of pleura
- transfer force
- allow movement
- visc. prevents overinflation
- edema escape route
where does fluid enter and leave pleura
enters- both sides
leaves - lymphatics of parietal
what forces move fluid into pleura
starling
what forces move fluid out of pleura
bulk flow through lymphatics - conc. independant
what is greater, max in or out rate
max out»_space; in
3 causes of excess fluid gain
- overwhelming fluid production
- lymph obstruction
- fluid leak from elsewhere
2 broad categories of pleural effusions
- transudate - low protein, low MW fluid
2. exudate - high solute concentration
what does transudate tell us and what causes
membrane still intact -starling forces
- congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, liver failure
what does exudate tell us and causes
membrane diruption
- cancer, infection, inflamation
2 other causes of exudate
- hemothorax
2. chylothroax
what happens if lose pleural pressure (2)
- chest pulls out
2. lungs pull in
causes of external pneumothorax
chest wall penetrated from the outside
cause of internal pneumothorax
lung punctured and leaking air into pleura
2 methods of treating pneumothorax
- 1-way valve
2. 100% O2
how does 100% O2 help pneumothorax
- incr. PP of O2 and decr N2 in caps.
2. creates larger gradient for reabsorption
2 main types of unexpandable lung
- pleural disease
2. airway disease
2 main types of pleural diease and cause
- lung entrapment - inflammatory/infeciton of visc.
2. trapped lung - fibrous peel on visc. after inflammation resolved
