Epi modules 1,2,3,5

Question 1

def. of epi

Answer 1

study of things that occur to the populaiton

Question 2

3 types of epi

Answer 2

1. descriptive
2. analystical
3. clinical

Question 3

def. of descriptive epi

Answer 3

what are health problems, who is effected

Question 4

what is asked in analytical epi

Answer 4

what are the causes and mechanisms

Question 5

what is asked in clin-epi

Answer 5

is this treatment better than others, for who?

Question 6

5 things that can be understood with epi

Answer 6

1. etiology of disease
2. who is at risk
3. history and progression
4. effectiveness of interventions
5. health programs and policies

Question 7

define epidemic

Answer 7

more cases exist than would have been expected

Question 8

define pandemic

Answer 8

cases go global

Question 9

what 2 things must be defined in epi

Answer 9

1. health outcomes

2. define and describe population

Question 10

what is iceberg phenomenon

Answer 10

only see a small portion of the people with the disease

Question 11

define count

Answer 11

number of specific cases

Question 12

define proportion

Answer 12

numerator (count) to the denominator (population)

Question 13

define ratio

Answer 13

same numerator and denominator, but may be unrelated to each other

Question 14

define rate

Answer 14

time restricted proportion

Question 15

3 ways epi describes outcomes

Answer 15

1. time - rate of disease over time
2. place - geographic distribution of measure
3. person - characterisitic of those affected

Question 16

2 common types of rates

Answer 16

1. age specific

2. cause specific

Question 17

def. of mortality vs. morbidity

Answer 17

1. rate of death (numerator) to defined pop

1. rate of cases (numerator) to defined pop

Question 18

def of proportionate mortality rate

Answer 18

rate of death to specific cause/rate of death of all causes x100

Question 19

def of case fatality rate

Answer 19

number of death for specific disease/number of people with disease

Question 20

what is age adjusted rate

Answer 20

statistical process applied to remove the effects of age

Question 21

what are standard mortality ratios

Answer 21

another way of adjusting for age in small populations

Question 22

what is formula for standard mortality ratios

Answer 22

observed deaths/expected deaths (for standard population)

Question 23

what is potential years of life lost calculation

Answer 23

measure that gives additional weight to death in younger people

Question 24

what is calculation for PYLL

Answer 24

75-age

Question 25

what is PYLL rate?

Answer 25

(sum of PYLL/total pop under 75)*1000

Question 26

def. of measures of association

Answer 26

comparison of exposure and various outcomes

Question 27

3 measures of association

Answer 27

1. relative risk
2. odds ratios
3. attributable risk

Question 28

def. of relative risk

Answer 28

incidence rate of those exposed/incidence rate of those not exposed

Question 29

what does relative risk of 1.4 mean

Answer 29

40% increased chance of something occuring

Question 30

what is odd ratio?

Answer 30

(ill/not-ill for exposed)/(ill/not-ill for not exposed)

Question 31

what is odd ratio useful

Answer 31

when very low rates, will over inflate if high

Question 32

define attributable risk

Answer 32

incidence in exposed group-incidence in unexposed