Myloid cells

Question 1

sims and diffs. in adults vs. children marrrow

Answer 1

same amount, but only axial bones in adults

Question 2

2 diff. marrow tests

Answer 2

1. aspirate - liquid marrow - know cell types

2. biopsy - plug - can see neighborhoods

Question 3

def. of myloid cell

Answer 3

any cell that isn’t a myphocyte

Question 4

2 important features of stem cells

Answer 4

1. pluripotent

2. self-renewal

Question 5

3 feats. of progentior cell

Answer 5

1. commited
2. rapid prolif.
3. limited self-renewal

Question 6

path of cell production

Answer 6

stem cell>progenitor>precursor>end cell

Question 7

feats. of mature blood cell

Answer 7

1. one lineage
2. no proliferation
3. terminal

Question 8

3 steps of cell formation

Answer 8

1. hematopoetic cells interact with marrow env.
2. hemat. cells home to bone marrow
3. mature cells leave via sinusoids

Question 9

def. of transcription factor

Answer 9

gene/protein which can influence multiple other genes

Question 10

what stimulates blood cell production

Answer 10

cytokines

Question 11

cytokine for neutrophil dev.

Answer 11

G-CSF

Question 12

where do most neutrophils hang out

Answer 12

in marrow and margin around the vessel

Question 13

life smap and feat. or neutrophil

Answer 13

half-life of 6 hours
mostly in marrow
no cell division

Question 14

4 types of WBCs and what they do

Answer 14

1. neutrophil - move in to destroy and clear
2. eosonphil - defense against helminths, parasites, hypersensitivty reactions
3. basophils - effector in hypersensitivity
4. monocytes/macrophages - phagocytos, antigen presenters

Question 15

**6 steps of neutrophil response

Answer 15

1. rolling
2. adhesion
3. dispedsis/transmigration
4. chemotaxis
5. phagocytosis
6. microbicidal activity

Question 16

what happens if neutropenia

Answer 16

• too few neutrophils - infections!

Question 17

treatment for congenital neutropenia

Answer 17

give G-CSF

Question 18

problems with neutrophil function (2)

Answer 18

1. insufficiant adhesion - don’t attache to wall

2. insufficiant oxidative cap. - don’t break stuff down

Question 19

how neutrophil knows to roll

Answer 19

selectins on vessel wall

Question 20

how neutrophil know to adhesion

Answer 20

integrins on neutrophil membrane

Question 21

conseq. of adhesion probs.

Answer 21

high neutophil count, but no pus

- lots of infection and death before 2

Question 22

conseq. of oxidation probs.

Answer 22

creates masses

Question 23

define leukemia

Answer 23

accumulation of immature blast cells

Question 24

define acute myeloid leukemia

Answer 24

blast express one of several myeloid phenotypes

Question 25

2 different classes of myloid mutations

Answer 25

1. proliferation and survival

2. impaired differentiation

Question 26

mechanism of leukemia mutations

Answer 26

• translocation convert transcription factor from activator to repressor
• then doesn’t differentiate cells to end cells

Question 27

what do chemo drugs do?

Answer 27

kill dividing cells

Question 28

what determines duration between courses in chemo?

Answer 28

neutrophil recovery time

Question 29

3 things neutrophils use to accomplish their tasks

Answer 29

1. granule contents
2. surface receptors
3. enzyme activity