Acute kidney injury Flashcards
1
Q
def. acute kidney injury
A
deterioration of the kidney that has lasted for less than 3 months
2
Q
def. chronic kidney disease
A
persistent deterioration that has lasted longer than 3 months
3
Q
3 parts to classic approach to AKI
A
- pre-renal
- renal
- post-renal
4
Q
def. pre-renal AKI
A
acute injury to kidney secondary to reduced renal blood flow
5
Q
3 major causes of pre-renal
A
- decreased ECF
- “effective” reduced ECF
- heart failure
- reduced oncotic pressure - disruption of renal hemodynamics
- drugs
6
Q
3 parts of Hx and Px that suggest pre-renal
A
- Hx suggest ECF depletion
- Phx signs of volume depletion
- signs of reduced effective volume depletion
- reduced cardiac output
- liver failure
7
Q
2 serum signs of pre-renal
A
- hemoconcnetration
- high Hb and albumin - low urinary flow
- high Urea/Cr ratio
8
Q
urine signs of pre-renal
A
bland urine
- low salt
9
Q
def. renal AKI
A
injury do to damage to the parenchyma
10
Q
clue to renal AKI
A
- systemic features
- rash
- joint involment
- pulmonary involvment - HT
- mild-mod ECF overload
- anemia or thrombopenia
- abnormal urine sediment
11
Q
what is seen in renal dipstick (4)
A
- albumin
- Hb
- WBCs
- other
12
Q
what is seen in renal microscopy
A
- cells
- casts
- crystals
13
Q
3 classes of of renal AKI
A
- tubulo-interstitial
- glomerular
- vascular
14
Q
3 types of tubulo-interstitial
A
- acute tubular necrosis
- allergic/acute interstitial nephritis
- tubular obstruciton
15
Q
what is acute tubular necrosis
A
injury and death of renal tubular cells
- ischemia and toxins
