Acids and bases Flashcards
define acid and base
acid - proton donor
base - proton acceptor
define a buffer
reacts with acid or base with little change in pH
main buffer in humans
H2CO3 and HCO3-
requirement for buffer to work
lots of buffer to acid/base added
define alveolar ventilation
air getting to alveolus to remove CO2
what does CO2 dissolve to form
H2CO3
what would happen in breath pure nitro
no oxygentation, but would remove CO2
what happens if hypoventilate
normal O2, pCO2 rise
what happens to carotid body in low pH
increase sensitivity to CO2 > increase ventilation
define resp. alkalosis
- too much alveolar ventilation (rare)
- pregnancy, hyperventilation syndrome
define resp. acidosis
- too little alveolar ventilation
- can’t breath enough and CO2 builds up to cause acidity
how to get metabolic acidosis
diabetes - accumulate metabolic acids
important henderson hasselbach equation
[H+] = 24xpCO2/[HCO3-]
formula for pH
-log[h+]
use of arterial blood gases (3)
- assess acid base balance
- assess alveolar vent.
- assess oxygenation
