Acids and bases Flashcards
define acid and base
acid - proton donor
base - proton acceptor
define a buffer
reacts with acid or base with little change in pH
main buffer in humans
H2CO3 and HCO3-
requirement for buffer to work
lots of buffer to acid/base added
define alveolar ventilation
air getting to alveolus to remove CO2
what does CO2 dissolve to form
H2CO3
what would happen in breath pure nitro
no oxygentation, but would remove CO2
what happens if hypoventilate
normal O2, pCO2 rise
what happens to carotid body in low pH
increase sensitivity to CO2 > increase ventilation
define resp. alkalosis
- too much alveolar ventilation (rare)
- pregnancy, hyperventilation syndrome
define resp. acidosis
- too little alveolar ventilation
- can’t breath enough and CO2 builds up to cause acidity
how to get metabolic acidosis
diabetes - accumulate metabolic acids
important henderson hasselbach equation
[H+] = 24xpCO2/[HCO3-]
formula for pH
-log[h+]
use of arterial blood gases (3)
- assess acid base balance
- assess alveolar vent.
- assess oxygenation
different types of acidosis/alkalosis
- chronic.acute
2. respiratory/metabolic
difference between acidemia and acidosis
adicemia is sign , osis is a diagnosis
what tells us what
pH - overall balance
pCO2 - resp. component
Hco3- - metabolic component
how to tell if respiratory
change in CO2 should be consistent with pH
how to tell is metabolic
CO2 and pH are inconsistent
how to tell if chronic or acute
metabolic - use lungs to compensate - fast
respiratory - use kidneys - slow
rule of compensation
compensation is always in the same direction
overall reaction of concern
CO2 + H20 ⇔ H+ + HCO3-
