Anterior segment and the red eye Flashcards
6 parts of the ant segment
1. cornea 2 iris ciliary body lens sclera conjuntiva
what does red eye mean
anterior segment problem
3 usual mechs. of red eye and one exception
infection, inflammation, irritation
except : acute angle closure glaucoma
2 features of posterior segment issues
not red, painless
4 main lid pathos
- blepharitis
- hordeolum - stye
- chalazion
4, allergic dermatitis
features of blepharitis
yellow flakes and red inflamed margins
- from too much oil build up
treatment of blepharitis
warm compress
- bact superinfection may need ABs
what is hordeolum
stye - block oil gland
- may be sterile or infected
- if chronic - chalazion
2 locations of stye and cause
external = hair follicle internal = meimobian gland
what happens if the infection seems to be on some other part of the eye
need to refer
2 types of cellulitis
preseptal and orbital (behind septum)
**which cellulitis is worse
orbital - emergency
signs of preseptal
eyelic redness, edema, tenderness
- globe white
*** 6 signs of orbital
- proptosis
- pain with EOM
- limitation of EOM
- optic disc edema
- redness of globe
- RAPD
4 diseases of the conjunctiva
- subconjunctival hemm
- conjuntivitis
- pinguelcula/pterygium
- scleritis/episcleritis
feat of subconjunctival hemm
- traumatic or spont
- common if on anticoag
- will usually resolve in 10 days
3 keys to hemmorage
- does not affect vision
- always self resolves
- NOT a reason to stop anti-coag
3 types of conjunctivitis
- bacterial
- viral
- allergic
Sx of bact. conjuntivits
- redness and mild irritation
- purulent discharge
- mild topical AB (polysporin
def. hyperpurulent gon***
- gonorrhea
- may perf the cornea
- emergency
Sx of viral
- itching burning, redness
- Watery discharge
- tender pre-auricular nodes
inportance of viral conjuntivitis
- very contagious]
- not ABs
features of allergic conjuntivitis
itching
- seasonal
- atopic Hx
AVOID visine
treat of viral and allergic
allergic - cold compress, anti-allergy
viral - compress, contact protections
mech, pattern, pain, test, treatment of episcleritis
mech : inlammation of superficial conjunctival vessels pattern : sectoral redness pain : mild test : blanches with phenyephrine treat; beingin, nsaids
mech, pattern, pain, test, treatment of scleritis
mech : inlammation of deep episcleral vessels
pattern : diffuse redness
pain : severe
test : NOT blanches with phenyephrine
treat; refer, threatening, NSAIDs and steroids
3 corneal diseases
- abraision
- ulcer
- other keratitis
what is use of florescein
disclosing agent
- attached to bowmans capsule in abscence of epithelium and glows green in cobalt blue light
cause, KEY features, onset, history, anterior cells, importance, and treatment of abrasion***
cause - loss of corneal epi - scratch features - pain, tears, photophobie TRANSPARENT cornea onset - sudden history - trauma anterior cells - not usually importance - heals treatment - mild ABs for prevention
cause, KEY features, onset, history, anterior cells, importance, and treatment of ulcer***
cause - loss of corneal epi with infection
features - pain, tears, photophobie WHITE cornea lesions
onset - hours to days
history - contact lens
anterior cells - hypopeon
importance - emergency
treatment - strong ABs q1h
what not to give for abraison and ulcer***
anathetic drops
feat. of eye HSV
- can be in any layer
- irritation, photophobia, pain, reduced vision
- red eye, corneal dendrite with terminal BULBs
what to do for HSV**
NEVER steroids
- refer for antivirals
what are features of HZV in eye
- reactivation in V1 dermatome - shingles
- eyelids gen. involved
- if has nose (hutchisons sign) -
treat for HZV
refer
- systemic AVs for 1 week
- prevent post-herpetic neuralgia
4 diseases if the aterior chamber
- iritis
- endopthalmitis
- acute angle closure glaucoma
- globe rupture
signs and Sx of ititis
signs - small pupil, redness at corneoscleral jct, cells in anterior chamber
Sx - pain, photophobia, reduced vision
2 possible comliations of iritis
- posterior syneciae
2. glaucoma
treatment of iritis
intense topical steroids q1h
- by optho
def. endopthalmitis and panopthalmitis
endo - inflammation (us. infection) of internal layers
pan - all layers
what is indicator of endothalmitis**
- severe pain
- reduced vision
hypopyon with a recent ocular surgery
treat of endopthal
refer
- vitreous tap
- IV ABs
** 5 signs of acute angle closure glaucoma
- severe pain
- N/V
- fixed, mid-dilated pupil
- high IOP > 40
- corneal haze
features of globe rupture
- trauma (penetrating, perforating, foreign body)
- chemosis
- peaked pupil
- hemm.
