Anterior segment and the red eye

Question 1

6 parts of the ant segment

Answer 1

1. cornea
2 iris
ciliary body
lens
sclera
conjuntiva

Question 2

what does red eye mean

Answer 2

anterior segment problem

Question 3

3 usual mechs. of red eye and one exception

Answer 3

infection, inflammation, irritation

except : acute angle closure glaucoma

Question 4

2 features of posterior segment issues

Answer 4

not red, painless

Question 5

4 main lid pathos

Answer 5

1. blepharitis
2. hordeolum - stye
3. chalazion
   4, allergic dermatitis

Question 6

features of blepharitis

Answer 6

yellow flakes and red inflamed margins

- from too much oil build up

Question 7

treatment of blepharitis

Answer 7

warm compress

- bact superinfection may need ABs

Question 8

what is hordeolum

Answer 8

stye - block oil gland

• may be sterile or infected
• if chronic - chalazion

Question 9

2 locations of stye and cause

Answer 9

external = hair follicle
internal = meimobian gland

Question 10

what happens if the infection seems to be on some other part of the eye

Answer 10

need to refer

Question 11

2 types of cellulitis

Answer 11

preseptal and orbital (behind septum)

Question 12

**which cellulitis is worse

Answer 12

orbital - emergency

Question 13

signs of preseptal

Answer 13

eyelic redness, edema, tenderness

- globe white

Question 14

*** 6 signs of orbital

Answer 14

1. proptosis
2. pain with EOM
3. limitation of EOM
4. optic disc edema
5. redness of globe
6. RAPD

Question 15

4 diseases of the conjunctiva

Answer 15

1. subconjunctival hemm
2. conjuntivitis
3. pinguelcula/pterygium
4. scleritis/episcleritis

Question 16

feat of subconjunctival hemm

Answer 16

• traumatic or spont
• common if on anticoag
• will usually resolve in 10 days

Question 17

3 keys to hemmorage

Answer 17

1. does not affect vision
2. always self resolves
3. NOT a reason to stop anti-coag

Question 18

3 types of conjunctivitis

Answer 18

1. bacterial
2. viral
3. allergic

Question 19

Sx of bact. conjuntivits

Answer 19

• redness and mild irritation
• purulent discharge
• mild topical AB (polysporin

Question 20

def. hyperpurulent gon***

Answer 20

• gonorrhea
• may perf the cornea
• emergency

Question 21

Sx of viral

Answer 21

• itching burning, redness
• Watery discharge
• tender pre-auricular nodes

Question 22

inportance of viral conjuntivitis

Answer 22

• very contagious]

- not ABs

Question 23

features of allergic conjuntivitis

Answer 23

itching
- seasonal
- atopic Hx
AVOID visine

Question 24

treat of viral and allergic

Answer 24

allergic - cold compress, anti-allergy

viral - compress, contact protections

Question 25

mech, pattern, pain, test, treatment of episcleritis

Answer 25

``` mech : inlammation of superficial conjunctival vessels pattern : sectoral redness pain : mild test : blanches with phenyephrine treat; beingin, nsaids ```

Question 26

mech, pattern, pain, test, treatment of scleritis

Answer 26

mech : inlammation of deep episcleral vessels pattern : diffuse redness pain : severe test : NOT blanches with phenyephrine treat; refer, threatening, NSAIDs and steroids

Question 27

3 corneal diseases

Answer 27

1. abraision 2. ulcer 3. other keratitis

Question 28

what is use of florescein

Answer 28

disclosing agent | - attached to bowmans capsule in abscence of epithelium and glows green in cobalt blue light

Question 29

cause, KEY features, onset, history, anterior cells, importance, and treatment of abrasion***

Answer 29

``` cause - loss of corneal epi - scratch features - pain, tears, photophobie TRANSPARENT cornea onset - sudden history - trauma anterior cells - not usually importance - heals treatment - mild ABs for prevention ```

Question 30

cause, KEY features, onset, history, anterior cells, importance, and treatment of ulcer***

Answer 30

cause - loss of corneal epi with infection features - pain, tears, photophobie WHITE cornea lesions onset - hours to days history - contact lens anterior cells - hypopeon importance - emergency treatment - strong ABs q1h

Question 31

what not to give for abraison and ulcer***

Answer 31

anathetic drops

Question 32

feat. of eye HSV

Answer 32

- can be in any layer - irritation, photophobia, pain, reduced vision - red eye, corneal dendrite with terminal BULBs

Question 33

what to do for HSV**

Answer 33

NEVER steroids | - refer for antivirals

Question 34

what are features of HZV in eye

Answer 34

- reactivation in V1 dermatome - shingles - eyelids gen. involved - if has nose (hutchisons sign) -

Question 35

treat for HZV

Answer 35

refer - systemic AVs for 1 week - prevent post-herpetic neuralgia

Question 36

4 diseases if the aterior chamber

Answer 36

1. iritis 2. endopthalmitis 3. acute angle closure glaucoma 4. globe rupture

Question 37

signs and Sx of ititis

Answer 37

signs - small pupil, redness at corneoscleral jct, cells in anterior chamber Sx - pain, photophobia, reduced vision

Question 38

2 possible comliations of iritis

Answer 38

1. posterior syneciae | 2. glaucoma

Question 39

treatment of iritis

Answer 39

intense topical steroids q1h | - by optho

Question 40

def. endopthalmitis and panopthalmitis

Answer 40

endo - inflammation (us. infection) of internal layers | pan - all layers

Question 41

what is indicator of endothalmitis**

Answer 41

- severe pain - reduced vision hypopyon with a recent ocular surgery

Question 42

treat of endopthal

Answer 42

refer - vitreous tap - IV ABs

Question 43

** 5 signs of acute angle closure glaucoma

Answer 43

- severe pain - N/V - fixed, mid-dilated pupil - high IOP > 40 - corneal haze

Question 44

features of globe rupture

Answer 44

- trauma (penetrating, perforating, foreign body) - chemosis - peaked pupil - hemm.