Reproductive dev

Question 1

Def. of genetic sex

Answer 1

based on the XY chromos

Question 2

Aspects of phenotypic sex (3)

Answer 2

1. gonads
2. accessory glands
3. genitals

Question 3

Path of normal dev.

Answer 3

genotype>gonads>hormones>glands and genitals

Question 4

Age at which anatomical diffs become apparent

Answer 4

7 weeks

Question 5

location of gonads at first appearance

Answer 5

post abdo wall medial to mesonephros

Question 6

2 tissues making up gonads

Answer 6

1. core of mesoderm

2. epithelium covering

Question 7

what stimulates further dev of gonads?

Answer 7

primordial germ cells at the genital ridge

Question 8

Path of ovary dev (3 steps)

Answer 8

1. No Y > sex cord fragments
2. Germ cells become oogonia
3. Sex cord cells become follicular cells

Question 9

What becomes of sex cords in male and female

Answer 9

1. Male - seminiferous tubes

2. Female - Follicular cells

Question 10

Steps of test dev.

Answer 10

1. Y present > sex cords become seminiferous tubes
2. Sex cords for sertoli cells> antimuellerian factor
3. Mesoderm cells become leydig cells > testosterone
4. primordial germ cells become spermatogonia

Question 11

Importance of SRY

Answer 11

Actual part of Y that defines dev.

Question 12

2 phases of test. descent

Answer 12

1. trans-abdo phase - passive - gubernaculum stays while rest grows
2. Trans-inguinal - active, but not known how

Question 13

peritoneum that pulls down with testies

Answer 13

processus vaginalis

Question 14

2 abnormalities of test descent

Answer 14

1. cryptocord testis - not fully into scrotum

2. ectopic testis - through ring, but not in scrotum

Question 15

Abnormality of processus vag.

Answer 15

hydrocele

Question 16

other names of paramesonepthric ducts and mesonephric ducts

Answer 16

para - mullerian

meso - wolfian

Question 17

what mullerian ducts fuse to form

Answer 17

uterovaginal primordium

Question 18

what contact between uterovaginal primordium and urogential sinus create

Answer 18

vaginal plate

Question 19

function of anti-mullerian hormone in male

Answer 19

degenerates uretrovaginal promordium (become utricle and appendix of testes)

Question 20

What androgens induce (3)

Answer 20

1. mesoneprhic excretory tubes become efferent ductules
2. mesonephric duct becomes epidyd, vas def, ejaculatory duct
3. seminal vesicles dev out of mesonephric ducts

Question 21

what happens if no Y (3)

Answer 21

1. parameso nephric duct - uterine tubes
2. uterovag primordium - uterus
3. mesonephric ducts degenerate

Question 22

what tissues form vagina

Answer 22

1. uterovaginal primordium

2. endoderm from urogenital sinus

Question 23

Age until which genitals can’t be distiguished

Answer 23

week 9

Question 24

3 indifferent genital swellings

Answer 24

1. genital tubercle
2. urogenital fold
3. labioscrotal fold

Question 25

What becomes of genital swellings in females

Answer 25

1. genital tubercle - clit
2. urogenital fold - labia min
3. labioscrotal fold - labia maj

Question 26

What becomes of genital swellings in males

Answer 26

1. genital tubercle - glans penis
2. urogenital fold - folds to urethra
3. labioscrotal fold - scrotum

Question 27

problems with urogential folding

Answer 27

hypospadias

Question 28

path of test.

Answer 28

test>5 alpha reductase>DHT

Question 29

source of gonadal tissue (3)

Answer 29

1. mesothelium
2. mesenchyme
3. primordial germ cells

Question 30

source of primordial germ cells

Answer 30

endodermal cells in yolk sac

Question 31

source of semniferous cords

Answer 31

gonadal cords

Question 32

cells that separate seminiferous cords

Answer 32

leydig cells

Question 33

producer of anti-mullerian

Answer 33

sertoli cells

Question 34

fate of the mesonephric duct in males

Answer 34

duct of epidydimis

Question 35

proper names of mullerian and wolfian ducts

Answer 35

mullerian: paramesonephric
wolfian: mesonephric ducts

Question 36

fate of mesonephric duct on males and females

Answer 36

males: epidyd and vas
females: disappears

Question 37

fate of parameso ducts

Answer 37

male: disappear
female: uretovaginal primordium

Question 38

tissue source of seminal gland

Answer 38

mesonephro duct

Question 39

tissue source of epoopheron

Answer 39

mesonephric

Question 40

tissue source of gubernaculum

Answer 40

mesonephros

Question 41

time of testes descent

Answer 41

28th week

Question 42

location of test. descent relative to processus

Answer 42

posterior

Question 43

location of DAX-1

Answer 43

X chromosome

Question 44

point where T is converted to DHT

Answer 44

urogenital sinus

Question 45

Karyotype, gonads, male and female ducts, genitals of 5 alpha reductase deficiency

Answer 45

Karyotype - XY
Gonads - male
Male ducts - present
Female ducts - absent
Genitals - feminized

Question 46

Karyotype, gonads, male and female ducts, genitals of virilizing hyperplasia

Answer 46

Karyotype - XX
Gonads - female
Male ducts - no, missed sensitive period
Female ducts - present
Genitals - masc.

Question 47

Karyotype, gonads, male and female ducts, genitals of congenital dysgenisis

Answer 47

Karyotype - XY
Gonads - none
Male ducts - absent
Female ducts - present
Genitals - immature female

Question 48

Karyotype, gonads, male and female ducts, genitals of androgen resistance

Answer 48

Karyotype - XY
Gonads - male
Male ducts - no
Female ducts - no
Genitals - feminized

Question 49

path in congenital hyperplasia

Answer 49

hypothalmus>cortisol reducing factor>pit>ACTH>adrenal>cortisol and biproduct of androgens

Question 50

result of leftover mesonephric duct in women

Answer 50

ovary- epoopharon

urterus - gartner’s cyst