Common probs. in toddlers and children Flashcards
what causes temper tantrums
limit setting by parents and env.
4 keys to limit setting
- selective
- explicit
- firm
- consistent
5 steps to deal with temper tantrums
- allow blow off steam
- distraction
- physical restraint
- time outs
- reinforce teaching
who controls when, where, what, how much food
when - parent
where - parent
what - shared
how much - bb
requirements for toilet trainign
child- physcially capable and willing
parents - intereste and supportive
times of toilet training
0-12mo - no control, imporving bladder capacity
12-18 - control sphyncter
18-24 - mature control, bladder cap of 2hrs, can initiate
6 ways to tell child is ready for toilet
- follows sequential directions
- talks
- enjoys praise
- physical control
- aware of voiding
- will sit on potty
5 techniques
- child understnads what potty is
- make it compfortabe
- offer opportunity
- praise success, disregard failure
- do not pressure
what is important acute diarrhea bug
rotavirus
main problem the diar
dehydration
3 main causes of diar
1, infections
- extraintestinal
- drugs
4 hints to determine bact or viral
- contacts
- travel
- blood in stool
- severity
3 keys to assess dehydration on Hx
1 intake
- outout
- fever
what is gold standard to assess dehydration
weight loss
3 levels of dehydration and signs
5% - decreased tears, dry mouth
10% - decreased urine, sunken eyes and fontanelle
15% - shock, abnormal vitals
treatment of water losses
water, lytes, ORT
possible drugs for diar
odansetron for vomiting so can still get fluids
- rotavirus vaccine
3 ages and locations of sinusitis
birth - ethmoid, maxillary
5yrs - sphenoid
7-13 frontal
3 categores of sinusitis
- acute - 90 with ongoing Sx
AAP diagnosis of acute bact. sinusitits (3)
upper resp Sx that are either
- persisitent - nasal discharge over 10 days
- worsening
- severe - fever of39 and purulent discharge 3-4 days
what is use for imaging in sinusitits
should not be used to distiguish viral from bact
- CT reserved for surgeons to fix
reccomendation for persistent Sx
ABs or observe outpatient for 3 days
recc. for severe onset and worsening
ABs
AB for sinusitis
amox +/- clav
causes of diaper derm
- irritant
- allergic
- candida
- bact
- seborrhea
6 treatment of diaper derm
- no diaper
- barrier creams
- powder to dry
- cortisone
- antifungals
- antibacterials
2 types of dental issues in bbs
- neonatal teeth
2. milk bottle caries
what does teething not cause
fever, diarrhea, rash - do not assume these are due to teething
