Common probs. in toddlers and children

Question 1

what causes temper tantrums

Answer 1

limit setting by parents and env.

Question 2

4 keys to limit setting

Answer 2

1. selective
2. explicit
3. firm
4. consistent

Question 3

5 steps to deal with temper tantrums

Answer 3

1. allow blow off steam
2. distraction
3. physical restraint
4. time outs
5. reinforce teaching

Question 4

who controls when, where, what, how much food

Answer 4

when - parent
where - parent
what - shared
how much - bb

Question 5

requirements for toilet trainign

Answer 5

child- physcially capable and willing

parents - intereste and supportive

Question 6

times of toilet training

Answer 6

0-12mo - no control, imporving bladder capacity
12-18 - control sphyncter
18-24 - mature control, bladder cap of 2hrs, can initiate

Question 7

6 ways to tell child is ready for toilet

Answer 7

1. follows sequential directions
2. talks
3. enjoys praise
4. physical control
5. aware of voiding
6. will sit on potty

Question 8

5 techniques

Answer 8

1. child understnads what potty is
2. make it compfortabe
3. offer opportunity
4. praise success, disregard failure
5. do not pressure

Question 9

what is important acute diarrhea bug

Answer 9

rotavirus

Question 10

main problem the diar

Answer 10

dehydration

Question 11

3 main causes of diar

Answer 11

1, infections

2. extraintestinal
3. drugs

Question 12

4 hints to determine bact or viral

Answer 12

1. contacts
2. travel
3. blood in stool
4. severity

Question 13

3 keys to assess dehydration on Hx

Answer 13

1 intake

2. outout
3. fever

Question 14

what is gold standard to assess dehydration

Answer 14

weight loss

Question 15

3 levels of dehydration and signs

Answer 15

5% - decreased tears, dry mouth
10% - decreased urine, sunken eyes and fontanelle
15% - shock, abnormal vitals

Question 16

treatment of water losses

Answer 16

water, lytes, ORT

Question 17

possible drugs for diar

Answer 17

odansetron for vomiting so can still get fluids

- rotavirus vaccine

Question 18

3 ages and locations of sinusitis

Answer 18

birth - ethmoid, maxillary
5yrs - sphenoid
7-13 frontal

Question 19

3 categores of sinusitis

Answer 19

1. acute - 90 with ongoing Sx

Question 20

AAP diagnosis of acute bact. sinusitits (3)

Answer 20

upper resp Sx that are either

1. persisitent - nasal discharge over 10 days
2. worsening
3. severe - fever of39 and purulent discharge 3-4 days

Question 21

what is use for imaging in sinusitits

Answer 21

should not be used to distiguish viral from bact

- CT reserved for surgeons to fix

Question 22

reccomendation for persistent Sx

Answer 22

ABs or observe outpatient for 3 days

Question 23

recc. for severe onset and worsening

Answer 23

ABs

Question 24

AB for sinusitis

Answer 24

amox +/- clav

Question 25

causes of diaper derm

Answer 25

1. irritant
2. allergic
3. candida
4. bact
5. seborrhea

Question 26

6 treatment of diaper derm

Answer 26

1. no diaper
2. barrier creams
3. powder to dry
4. cortisone
5. antifungals
6. antibacterials

Question 27

2 types of dental issues in bbs

Answer 27

1. neonatal teeth

2. milk bottle caries

Question 28

what does teething not cause

Answer 28

fever, diarrhea, rash - do not assume these are due to teething