Ped. patho Flashcards
def. dev age
age from date of fert. to death of live birth
def. gestational age
age from date of first day of mother last period to birth/death
diff. between 2
2 weeks
def. embyronal period
period of major organ dev.
- first 8 weeks
def. fetal period
9th week to birth
def. perinatal period
period of late fetal life (28wks) to first week of birth
def. spont. abortion
loss of conception prior to period of viability
- defineld legally
- in ONT under 20 wks GA
def. still birth
late fetal deatch before complete expulsion or removal of fetus from mother
- > 20wks OR >500grms
- no sign of life
def. maceration
softening and degeneration of fetal tissues that occur after death with retention of fetus in utero
what is rate of spont. abortion
40% are lost before period of viability
- most before preg. is apparetn
2 general cats. of spont. abort
- genetic
2. env
3 genetic causes
- trisomies
- monosomy X
- polyploidy
5 points env. factors can play a role
- implantation
- infections
- incompatibility
- maternal
- placental
2 implantation problems
- luteal phase def.
- def., of progesterone production by corpus luteaum
- 35% of women with abort - ectopic preg
- fallopian tube
2 types of infection
- chorioamnionitis
2. maternal blood borne
what is incompatibility (2)
- maternal immune system is able to “see” fetus
2. MHC incompatibilty
5 possible maternal illnesses
- DM2
- lupus
- antiphosohilips antibody syndrome
- maternal hypertension
- drugs
5 possible placental paths
- chorioamniitits
- villitis of unknown etilogy
- decidual vasculopathy
- placental abruptions
- infarcts
incidence of stillbirths
55% of perinatal deaths
- 9% during delivery
5 possible causes of stillbirth
- complications
- maternal infection
- maternal disorders
- felatl growth restriction
- congential
how many still of unknown causes
50% m=but many have asphyxia
what happens with fetal demise and asphyxia
- meconium discarge staines placenta
what happens in asphyxia with survival
severe brain injury
maternal causes of stillbirth
- toxemia of preg
- lupus antibodies
- maternal thrombophilia
- DM
def. preeclampsia
- widepread maternal endothelia dysfunction
- hypertension
- edema
- proteinuria
def. eclampsia
more severe with neuro symptoms HELLP syndrome - hemolysis - elev liver enzymes - low platelets
maternal associations with toxemia
- young mom
- multigravida
- hypertension
- smoker
- poor preg weight gain
what are placental causes of stillbrith
- abruption
- cord accidents
3 twins
what is placental abruption
- damage to maternal spiral arteries
- bleeds between uterus and placenta
- separation of placenta from uterine lining
clinical complicaitons of abruption
- contraction
- pain
- hemmorage
- fetal hypoxia/death
5 causes of abruption
- hyper tnesiokn
- chorioamnioitis
- SLE
- DM
5 trauma
3 types of cord accidents
- true knots
- prolapse
- entaglement
what is worst twin type
monochornic -share blood
2 twin problems
- twin-twin transfusion
2. cord entanglement
what is keihauer betke test
estimates volume of fetal blood in maternal circ
- too much blood loss from bb
2 main routes of infection
- maternal hematogenous
2. asncending amniotic
most common type of blood born infeciton
viruses, TORCH organism
what is congenital rubella
- risk in first trimester
- fetal growth restircion
- microencephaly
- cataracts
- hearts disease
def, fetal hydrops
accummulation of extra vasucal fluids - edema
