Neuron and resting potential Flashcards

1
Q

parts of a neuron and description

A
  1. dendrites - many branched aspects
  2. body (soma) - genetic and metabolic center of the cell
  3. axon - fiber for transmission
  4. terminals - chemicals come out
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2
Q

2 types of transmission in nerve and where

A
  1. electrical - dendrite, body, axon

2. chemical - terminal

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3
Q

direction of transfer in nerve

A

unidirecitonal from dendrites to terminal

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4
Q

3 types of neurons and descriptions

A
  1. multipolar - numerous dendrites, single axon
  2. bipolar - two processes arise from body - one to dendrites, one to terminal
  3. pseudounipolar - single process arises from body and splits into the two directions
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5
Q

2 processes of pseudounipolar

A
  1. periperhal - joins peripheral nerve

2. central - goes to CNS

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6
Q

where are different neurons located

A
  1. multipolar- most common - interneurons and motor
  2. bipolar - special senses
  3. pseudounipolar - somatic and visceral sensory neurons
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7
Q

what is electrical communication within a cell

A

transmembrane potential

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8
Q

what is general voltage

A

-70 to ECF

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9
Q

what is graded potential and where does it occur

A
  • amplitude based on strength of stimulation

- dendrites and cell bodies

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10
Q

what is fixed amplitude and where

A
  • fixed amplitudes, stength based on frequency

- in axon

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11
Q

how do dendrite increase surface area

A

increase in spines

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12
Q

what does cytoplasm contain

A

cytoskeletal proteins, mitochondria, ER, ribosomes

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13
Q

what is stim. from sensory neurons and what does it produce

A

response to stim. generates receptor potentials

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14
Q

what is stim in non-sensory neurons and what is generated

A

response from NT binding - causes synaptic potential

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15
Q

what demarcates the beginning of an axon

A

spike initiations zone

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16
Q

where is spike initiation zone in various neurons (2)

A
  1. multipolar neurons - axon hillock next to cell body

2. pseudounipolar - where the dendrites coalesce

17
Q

where are ribosomes located and what is the significance of this

A

not in axon - means they cannot produce their own proteins and must be transported from cell body

18
Q

what is name of terminal branching of axons

A

axon collaterals

19
Q

what is bidirectional axon transport called

A

axonal transport

20
Q

what is direction of anteriograde transport

A

body to terminal

21
Q

what are 2 types of anterior transport

A
  1. fast - 400mm/day

2. slow - 50mm/day

22
Q

what does fast transport move

A

membrane bound substances, mitochondria, macromolecules

23
Q

what directs fast transport

A

kinesin - ATP microtubules

24
Q

what does slow transport move

A

diffusion of cytosolic and cytoskeletal proteins

25
what does retrograde transport move (3)
1. old garbage - endosomes and mitochondria 2. NGF during development 3. can move viruses etc - bad
26
what is movement source of retrograde
dynein
27
what are 2 conditions for an ion to move through channel
1. external force must induce - electrochemical gradient (electric+concentration) 2. channel must be permiable
28
what are 2 types of channels
1. nongated - always open | 2. gated - only open in certain conditions
29
3 types of gated ion channels
1. voltage gated 2. ligand gated 3. mechanically gated -
30
what ions are greater in and out of cells
out - Na, Cl, Ca | in - A and K
31
what is leak channel
allows slow leak of K out of cell so ICF is -ve
32
what 3 ways can a charge become more postive
1. more Na conductance 2. more Ca conductance 3. Less K conductance
33
what 1 way may the charge become more -ve
K conductance increased - causes hyperpolarization