clinical hypertension

Question 1

2 types of hypertension and their prev.

Answer 1

1. essential (90%) - don’t know cause

2. secondary (10)% - secondary to another condition

Question 2

grades of hypertension and their BP

Answer 2

1. S>160, D>100
2. S>180, D>110
3. S<110

Question 3

3 potential end organ damages

Answer 3

1. ischemic disease
2. cerbral vascular disease
3. renal failure

Question 4

what does kidney do in response to low pressure

Answer 4

angiotensin 1>ACE>angiotensin 2>increases peripheral resistance and more aldosterone which increases volume

Question 5

2 ways kidney can be fooled

Answer 5

1. sclerosis of art. leading to kidney

2. increases symp. tone due to chronic stress

Question 6

6 possible etiologies to essential hypertension

Answer 6

1. environment (stress)
2. salt senstivity
3. role of renin
4. insulin resistance -diabetes
5. sleep apnea
6. genetics

Question 7

5 risk factors for CVD

Answer 7

1. age > 55 mal and 65 female
2. smoking
3. dyslipidemia
4. CVD in first degree relatives
5. obesity and inactivity

Question 8

4 general categories to treat hypertension

Answer 8

1. diuretics
2. B-blockers
3. ACE inhibitors
4. AT1 blockers

Question 9

what is contraindication to B-blocker

Answer 9

asthma