Naturals

Question 1

how many people regularly use natruals

Answer 1

50%

Question 2

when was regulation in place

Answer 2

2004- phased in until 2013

Question 3

what define an NHP

Answer 3

any substance (including synthetically produced) that is for use in disease, for self care and dosed.

Question 4

what is not included in NHP

Answer 4

biologics, tobacco, marijuana, injectables

Question 5

what is approval based on (2)

Answer 5

1. safety

2. efficacy

Question 6

what is safety based on (4)

Answer 6

1. known adverse rxns
2. toxicology
3. previous marketing
4. interactions

Question 7

what are 2 classes to prove efficiacy

Answer 7

1. traditional - has been used for 50 years

2. non-traditional - must provide some evidence

Question 8

what is site licencing

Answer 8

make sure the maker is clean etc

Question 9

what is prosposed mech in echinicea

Answer 9

akamides, glycoproteins, polysaccharides, caffeic acids proposed to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects

Question 10

what is evidence for Ech in TREATMENT of colds

Answer 10

no real benefits

Question 11

what is evidence of ECH for prevention of colds

Answer 11

may have 10-20% reduction

Question 12

3 potential cautions of ech

Answer 12

1. theoretical: autoimmune disorders -never
2. adverse allergy
3. drug interactions

Question 13

what is interaction of ech and warfarin

Answer 13

clearance was higher with ech, but no effect on INR

Question 14

potential immune effects of ginseng

Answer 14

1. more helper Tcell
2. more monocyte
3. immunostim. in the aged

Question 15

ginseng for treatment of colds

Answer 15

no studies

Question 16

ginseng for prevention of colds

Answer 16

small reductions in :

1. number of colds
2. number of people with 2+ colds
3. severity
4. number of days with cold

Question 17

major potential SE of ginseng

Answer 17

estrogenergic

Question 18

5 ginseng drug interactions

Answer 18

1. hypoglycemic agents
2. MAOIs -
3. CCBs - longer QT
4. digoxin - may be increased
5. estrogen

Question 19

garlic and cholesterol

Answer 19

no effects

Question 20

garlic and hypertension

Answer 20

may small reduction in BP, but can’t really say

Question 21

garlic and colds

Answer 21

reduction in number of cold and days of symptoms, but need more studies

Question 22

garlic drug interactions

Answer 22

1. warfarin - double INR

2. diabetic meds

Question 23

ginger for nausea and vomiting

Answer 23

not enough evidence

Question 24

ginger for motion sickness

Answer 24

may have small to moderate effects

Question 25

ginger and anticoagulants

Answer 25

may have interaction by inhibition of thromboxane synthetase

Question 26

pharmacology of SJW

Answer 26

1. may lower reuptake of serotinin

2. maybe upreg of 5-HT receptors

Question 27

SJW and depression

Answer 27

1. better than placebo
2. as good as other antidepressent
3. less SEs

Question 28

what is SJW best for

Answer 28

mild-moderate depression , not good evidence for severe

Question 29

SJW drug interaction mechanism

Answer 29

induce CYP

Question 30

evidence for african plum tree

Answer 30

moderate effect sizes for BPH