Naturals Flashcards
how many people regularly use natruals
50%
when was regulation in place
2004- phased in until 2013
what define an NHP
any substance (including synthetically produced) that is for use in disease, for self care and dosed.
what is not included in NHP
biologics, tobacco, marijuana, injectables
what is approval based on (2)
- safety
2. efficacy
what is safety based on (4)
- known adverse rxns
- toxicology
- previous marketing
- interactions
what are 2 classes to prove efficiacy
- traditional - has been used for 50 years
2. non-traditional - must provide some evidence
what is site licencing
make sure the maker is clean etc
what is prosposed mech in echinicea
akamides, glycoproteins, polysaccharides, caffeic acids proposed to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects
what is evidence for Ech in TREATMENT of colds
no real benefits
what is evidence of ECH for prevention of colds
may have 10-20% reduction
3 potential cautions of ech
- theoretical: autoimmune disorders -never
- adverse allergy
- drug interactions
what is interaction of ech and warfarin
clearance was higher with ech, but no effect on INR
potential immune effects of ginseng
- more helper Tcell
- more monocyte
- immunostim. in the aged
ginseng for treatment of colds
no studies
ginseng for prevention of colds
small reductions in :
- number of colds
- number of people with 2+ colds
- severity
- number of days with cold
major potential SE of ginseng
estrogenergic
5 ginseng drug interactions
- hypoglycemic agents
- MAOIs -
- CCBs - longer QT
- digoxin - may be increased
- estrogen
garlic and cholesterol
no effects
garlic and hypertension
may small reduction in BP, but can’t really say
garlic and colds
reduction in number of cold and days of symptoms, but need more studies
garlic drug interactions
- warfarin - double INR
2. diabetic meds
ginger for nausea and vomiting
not enough evidence
ginger for motion sickness
may have small to moderate effects
ginger and anticoagulants
may have interaction by inhibition of thromboxane synthetase
pharmacology of SJW
- may lower reuptake of serotinin
2. maybe upreg of 5-HT receptors
SJW and depression
- better than placebo
- as good as other antidepressent
- less SEs
what is SJW best for
mild-moderate depression , not good evidence for severe
SJW drug interaction mechanism
induce CYP
evidence for african plum tree
moderate effect sizes for BPH
