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Undeleted > CNS imaging > Flashcards

CNS imaging Flashcards

1
Q

what is tissue appearance in CT (dark to light)

A

air, fat, soft tissue, water, bone, metal

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2
Q

what is mutlidetector CT

A

allows volume to be scanned at a time

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3
Q

adv of multidetector

A

fast - can capture physio

allows reconstruciton

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4
Q

adv of CT

A
  1. fast
  2. available eerwhere
  3. can scan mutli parts
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5
Q

2 ways contrast can be injected

A
  1. intravenous

2. intrathecal

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6
Q

2 dis of CT

A
  1. radiation

2. contrast can cause renal dysfunction

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7
Q

what are 2 types of CT windowing

A
  1. soft tissue

2. bone

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8
Q

what are diffs in hounsfield units between 2 types

A

bone - large diff.

tissue - only a few

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9
Q

2 good uses of CT

A
  1. bone

2. blood

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10
Q

why is CT good for blood

A

high attenuation, good for acute sits.- can localize

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11
Q

what is epidural hematoma

A

blood leak into dural space after menigeal artery break - good at first and then deteriorate

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12
Q

characterisitics of epi hematoma

A

lentile shape, slow onset

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13
Q

what does acute subdural look like on CT

A

high density region

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14
Q

what does subacute look like

A

almost isodense

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15
Q

what does chronic look like

A

hypodense compared to parenchyma

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16
Q

what is cerebral contusion

A

brain hitting skull

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17
Q

2 types of cerebral contusion

A
  1. coup - direct hit

2. contre-coup - bounce back to the other side

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18
Q

test for spine fracture?

A

CT - fast and large areas

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19
Q

what is MRI measure of (3)

A
  1. number of protons in voxel
  2. T1 of tissue
  3. T2 of tissue
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20
Q

what is T1 relaxation

A

spin-lattice - relies on longitudinal relaxation

21
Q

what shows on T1 (2)

A

fat - white

fluid - dark

22
Q

what is T2 relaxation

A

spin-spin - relies on transverse relaxation

23
Q

what shows on T2 (2)

A

fat - intermdiate bright

fluid - bright

24
Q

what are 3 basic flavors of pulse sequences

A
  1. T1 - dark CSF
  2. PD weighted - CSF and everything is grey
  3. T2 - CSF is white
25
Q

what is key to galolinium enhanced MRI

A

doesn’t cross BBB

26
Q

how do most pathologies appear on T1 and 2 and exceptions

A

T1 - dark (fat, melanin, calcium, protein)

T2 - bright (late blood, calcium, air)

27
Q

what is FLAIR imaging

A

nullifies signal from CSF so can see things near CSF interface

28
Q

what to look for in MS

A
  • plaques that are most common in white matter

- hyperintense in T2

29
Q

what are stages of Hb over time

A

oxy>deoxy>met>hemosiderin

30
Q

how does this blood show up on MRI

A

oxy and deoxy - not well > CT
met - bright on T1-2
hemo - dark on T1-2

31
Q

what is used for imaging hemmorage

A

gradient echo (GRE) and succepitibitlit weighted (SWI)

32
Q

what does GRE show

A

artifact from microhemmorages

33
Q

what 3 things does imaging method in stroke depend on

A
  1. timing
  2. ongoing Sx
  3. transient Sx
34
Q

why is imaging acute stroke important

A

can be treated

35
Q

what are 2 treatments for acute stroke

A
  1. intravenous tPA (clot-buster)

2. embolectomy

36
Q

what is needed in assessment of acute stroke(2)

A
  1. is strke present

2. rule out contraindications (hemmoarage or completed)

37
Q

what is best imaging of acute stroke

A

CT without contrast

38
Q

3 CT signs of acute stroke

A
  1. loss of cortex/grey matter
  2. swelling/loss of sulci
  3. hyperdense MCA sign
39
Q

when is MRI used in stroke

A
  1. subacute - takes too long for acut
  2. stroke too small for CT
  3. in areas that can’t be seen in CT (post. fossa)
40
Q

what does stroke look like in MRI

A

hyperdense on T2 and FLAIR

41
Q

what is diffusion weighted imaging

A

water in stroke can’t move out of cell - shows as white

42
Q

what is ADC map and what will stroke look like

A

addition of all the images - stroke will appear dark

43
Q

when is DWI used

A

in firt 7-10 days, after that the cells break down and water can come out

44
Q

3 adv of MRI

A
  1. no radiation
  2. good visualization of brain and cord
  3. can use methods to ID pathologies
45
Q

3 methods to image vasculature

A
  1. ultrasound
  2. CT angio
  3. MRI angio
46
Q

what is hypo to hyperechoic on ultrasound

A

air>fluid>tissue>fibrous tissue>bone

47
Q

when is ultrasound used

A

in neck - can’t penetrate bone

48
Q

what is endovascular treatment

A

put in coils to block off aneurisms

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