Helminths Flashcards
2 classes of worms
flat
round - nematodes
2 classes of flat worms
trematodes - flukes
cestodes - tapeworms
diff between flukes and tapeworms?
flukes non-segmented
6 ways helminths damage hosts
- mechanical
- resource competition - B12 and Fe
- cytotoxicity
- inflammation - granulomas
- immune-mediated
- malignant transformation - liver and blader CA
what is cell mediated response to worms (2)
- Th2 response for clearing worms
2. eosinophils needed to degranulae onto IgE coated worms
3 macrophage reposnse to worms
- kill larger parasites when activated with cytokines
- ROS following phago
- NO response
what is humoral response to worms
- necc to eliminate extracellula parasites
2. IgE released localizes eosinophils
3 mechs. by which ABs kill worms
- neutralize via attachment
- opsinze for phag and complement
- AB dependent cytotoxicity
what major marker of worms
eosinophila and circulating IgE
what helper polarization is necc. to elim worms
Th2
2 most common ways to diagnose worms
- direct exam
- AB detection via serology
- radiology a bit for big ones
2 medical treaments of worms
- anti-parasitics
2. plants- pumpkin seeds
3 surg treatments
- percut. drainage
- endoscopic removal
- surgical excision
what is neurocysticercosis (NCC)
caused by larval stages of pork worm in the brain - most common cause of seizure in the world
what are 2 different presentations of teania solium
eat pig - get normal gut worm
eat poo - get NCC
3 stages of NCC
- viable cyst - asymptmotic
- dying - edema - cysterical granuloma
- degenerated - get calcified scar
4 ways to diagnose NCC
- direct exam - biopsy - hard if in brain
- host AB - serology
- PCR
- radiologic for cysts
1 med and 1 surg treatment of NCC
med - azoles
surg - endo removal;
what is cutaneous larvae migrans (CLM)
worm from cat and dog poo that foes in foot - itchy!
diagnosis of CLM
direct exam
treatment of CLM
azoles
what is filarisis (loiasis)
worm from deer fly bite (loa loa)
problem caused by loaisis
block of lymphatics -edema
- worm in eye
diagnosis of loaisis - 5
- direct exam - blood smear
- antigen test
- PCR
- host AB detection
- radiologic - of lymphs
adv and dis of the host AB test
adv - senstitve and cheap
dis - highly cross reactive - not specific to particular
2 med treatments
- ABs
2. azoles
surgical treatment
pull out of eye