K disorderss Flashcards
1
Q
3 causes of hypokalemia
A
- decreased intake
- shift into cells
- excess loss
- renal or GI
2
Q
main cause of K into cells (2)
A
- insulin into cels
2. B2 agon
3
Q
main causes of renal K loss
A
- diuretics
- high aldo (RAAS) and high flow to CCD - renal tubular disease
- ecess glucocort.
- Mg def
4
Q
3 interactions between aldo and K
A
- aldo stim leads to instertion of eNaC
- Na reabsorbed faster than Cl
- K out due to elect. greadtient
5
Q
3 reasons for hypokalemia in diuretics
A
- high aldo
- diuretics cause low ECF
- increases renin - increased flow to collection duct
- combo increases urine K loss
6
Q
7 clinical signs of low K
A
- weakness
- arrthymias
- low deep tendon reflexes
- paralytic ileus
- polyuria and dipsia
- N/V
7
Q
mgmt of low K
A
acute - oral (preferred) or IV (if severe) Kcl chronic - high K foods - K sparing diuretics
8
Q
3 causes of hyperkalemia
A
- increased intake
- shift out of cells
- failure of renal excretion
9
Q
3 causes of hyperkalemia
A
- increased intake
- shift out of cells
- failure of renal excretion
10
Q
3 reasons K comes out of cells
A
- (acidosis) insulin def. - DKA, hyperglycemia
- muscle necrosis- rhabdo
- hemolysis - GI bleeds
- rapid admin of B-blocker
11
Q
2 reasons for low K excretion
A
- low flow to CCD - low gfr, low ECFV
- low aldo
- adrenal disease
- ACEi, ARB
- k-sparing diuretics
12
Q
signs of hyperkalemia
A
- muscle weakness
- low reflexes
- resp failure - ECG chnages
- arrythmias
K>7 is life threatening
13
Q
2 ways diabtes and hyperkalemia are related
A
- insulin def.
2. reduced Kidney excretion
14
Q
***4 princinples to manage hyperkalemia
A
- stabilize myocardium
- shift K into cells
- excrete K
- dyalise
15
Q
how to stabilize the myocardium
A
- give calcium gluconate
- helps antagonize the membrane action of hyper kalemia
