Retinal vascular exam Flashcards
epi of diabetic eye disease
leading cause of blindness in those 20-74
- esp. in those with diabetes
3 most common Sx
- none
- blurred vision
- floaters
1 main risk factor and 5 others
- poop glycemic control ( A1C >7)
- hypertension
- dyslipidemia
- alc
- smoking
6 preg
3 stages of of diabetic retinopathy
- non-proliferative DR - damage vessels in back of eye
- proliferative DR -begin to grow new ones on surface and iris
- macular edema - leaking of vessels and become edematous
6 signs of nPDR
- dot-blot hemmorages
- microaneurysms
- hard exuldates
- cotton wool spots
- intra-retinal microvascular
- venous bleeds
test to look at NPDR
IV flouroscein
- looks for cap. droput and non-perfusion
4 Sx of PDR
- abnormal new blood vessels
- vitreaous hemmorage - vessels are fragile and bleed - floaters and vision loss
- tractional vision loss
- neovasculariation of iris leading to glaucoma
most common cause of vision loss in nPRD
macular edema
what is treatment of nPDR without edema
observation
what is treatment of nPDR with edema (2)
- laser treatment
2. injections
2 things injected
- anti-VEGF
2. steroids
2 treatments of PDR
- pan-retinal photocoag. - lower blood needs outside of macula
- vitrectomy
3 systemic mgmt options
- sugars
- monitor blood lipid
- renal/cardio function
3 complications of PDR
- vitrous hemm
‘2. tractional retinal detachment - neovascual glaucoma
3 ways HTN may be related to vision loss
- choroid, retina, optic nerve
- cranial nerve palsies
- CVA
4 signs of hypertensive retinopathy
- retinal arteriol narrowing
- nerve fiber layer infarcts
- dot/blot hemmorages
- flame shaped hemmorages
4 types of occlusions that can occur
- central retinal vein
- branch vein
- central artery
- amarosis fugax
mech, Sx, signs of central vein occlusion
mech - local thrombolitic
Sx - acute unilateral vision loss
signs - veinous tortuosity, hemmorages
mech, Sx, signs of branch vein occlusion
mech - AV junctions have tubulent flow - causes thrombsis
Sx - acute unilateral vision loss - partial field
signs - veinous tortuosity, hemmorages
mech, Sx, signs of central artery occlusion
Sx - sudden acute vision loss - poor prognosis
signs - RAPD, cherry red spot, pallor
def. amarosis fugax
TIA in the eye
- may be caused by temporal arteritis