Common problems in infancy Flashcards
5 aspects of transactional model of development
- attachment
- separation
- autonomy
- mastery
- problems
4 important parts of attachement
- bonding
- internal security
- stranger anxiety
- exploration
3 important parts of separation
- feeling secure
- taking risk
- parent aknowledges risk
4 behaviors related to autonomy
- thumbsucking
- behahavior indep.
- rocking/head banging
- transitional objects
4 examples of mastery
- competence in env.
- feediing
- exploring
- dressing
5 times dev. can be problematic
- thumbsucking
- sleep dist.
- exploring
- temper tantrums
- toilet traingin
def. of infant colic (3)
- 3hrs/day
- 3 days/wk
- 3 weeks in a row
Ddx for colic
- cows milk
- otitis media
- GI prob
treatment for colic
- support mom
- swaddle
def. of gastroespophaeal reflux GER
regurg. in an otherwise healthy infant
- sphyncter
def. GER disease (GERD)
reflux that causes symptoms
3 complications of GERD
- esophagitis
- failure to thrive
- resp. problems
4 treatments of GERD
- hypoallergenic formula
- prop
- thicken formula
- drugs
use of acid supression in GERD?
no evidence
3 causes of sleep problems
- acute illness
- drugs - stims
- pain - otitis, bowel
4 steps to treat sleep
- extinction
- set the stage for sleep
- transitional objects
- ferber - reassurance and allow to sleep alone
triad of Sx in Croup (laryngeo-tracheo-bronch)
- stridor
- barky cough
- hoarse voice
etiology of croup
viral and small pliant trachea
6 treatments of croup
- fluids
- humidity
- cold air
- steroids
- emergency for stridor at rest
- inhalation of racemic epin
what causes most pneumonia
viral
pneumonia bact. at birth to 1 month
strep B, coliforms
pneumonia bact. 1 month to 1 year
H. influ
Staph
Chlam
pneumonia bact. 1 year to 5
pneumococcus
mycoplasma
treatment of pneumococc.
ampicillin
treatment mycoplasma
erythromycin or macrolides
2 benefits to fever
- tells us there is a prob.
2. helps immune response
2 probs. with fever
- increaes metabolic demands
2. look and feel unwell
4 causes of fever
- infection
- inflammatory (endogenous)
- kawasaki disease
- IBS - malignancy
- miscellaneous
- immune
- dehydration
- drugs
what is cold stats in infant
3-8 per year
rhinovirus
contact spread
what is treatment of cold (4)
- NONE
- suportive (NaCl drops, steam)
- pharma - advil and tylenol
- NOT oral decon. or antihistamines
***what is CPS reccomendation on cold
don’t use drugs under 6
stats on otitis media
most common cause for visit and script
2 probs with otitits
- pain
2. hearing loss- can lead to problems
3 signs of middle ear infectiopn
- fluid - immobile tympanic membrane or fluid outside
- inflammation - bulgin tympanic membrane
- pain
major cause of otitis
bacteria
do most otitis need ABs
no
2 groups that likely need ABs
- under 6months
2. bilateral
CPS guidlines to observe with no AB
- over 6 months
- no immune def.
- illness not severe, and fever
*** treatment of otitis media
- Amox 75-90 in 2 doses of resisitant
2. amox 45-50 in 2 doses in low resistance
2 options in fails
- amox-clav
2. ceftriaxone
what are the effects of putting tubes in the ears
no improvement in dev. outcomes
3 factors that influence medication compliance
- freqency - less is better
- taste
3 cost
what is best way if need to prescribe ABs
give as a safety net for parents to use if they need
