Lipids and lipoproteins

Question 1

what is clinical importance of lipoproteins

Answer 1

risk for CHD, stroke, acute pancreatitis

Question 2

what is pathological sig, of lipoproteins

Answer 2

involved in atherosclerosis and vascular degeneration

Question 3

what is physiological sig. of lipoproteins

Answer 3

required for life

Question 4

what is prev. of all CV disease mortality

Answer 4

36%

Question 5

what happens to women after menopause

Answer 5

rates become highr than for men

Question 6

3 main clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis

Answer 6

1. CHD
2. cerebrovascualr disease
3. peripheral arterial disease

Question 7

what is most common death due to CV disease

Answer 7

CHD

Question 8

8 modifiable rsk factors

Answer 8

1. dyslipidemia
2. smoking
3. hypertension
4. diabetes
5. obesity
6. diet
7. thrombogenic factors
8. excercise

Question 9

3 non-modificable ris factors

Answer 9

1. age
2. gender
3. family Hx

Question 10

% of pop with no risk factors

Answer 10

20%

Question 11

what is defines familial hyperchol

Answer 11

TC > 13mmol/L

Question 12

cause of FH

Answer 12

defect in LDL receptor

Question 13

Sx of FH

Answer 13

1. xanthomas

2. fatty tendons

Question 14

what is relat. between chol. and CHD

Answer 14

1.5 ratio - reduce chol by 10, reduce CHD by 15

Question 15

what is primary target to prevent CHD

Answer 15

LDL-c

Question 16

what it ratio between LDL-c and CHD

Answer 16

2:1

Question 17

diff. between LDL and LDL-c

Answer 17

LDL is full ball with Apo-B, while LDL-c is heterogeneous particles

Question 18

what is prob with LDL

Answer 18

invade the endothelium and enter intimal layer

Question 19

what is effect of HDL

Answer 19

seems to be related to lower risk factor

Question 20

what do triglycerides indicate

Answer 20

high - CHD risk

very high - pancreatitis

Question 21

what is not assessed in framingham and how to correct

Answer 21

family history - take score and double

Question 22

3 other lipid-related markers for CHD risk

Answer 22

1. apolipoproteins - apoB-100 and apoA-1
2. LDL size
3. lipoprotein a

Question 23

what are apolipoproteins

Answer 23

main protein of lipoproteins

Question 24

function of apolipoproteins

Answer 24

1. facilitate lipid transport
2. activate 3 enzymes (LCAT, LPL, HTGL)
3. binding to cell surface receptors

Question 25

when is ApoB measure useful

Answer 25

separates patient risk in moderate hypertriglyceridemmia

Question 26

what is non HDLc

Answer 26

total C - HDLc

Question 27

what is C reactive protein

Answer 27

inflammatory marker involved in host defence

Question 28

use of CRP measure

Answer 28

CHD risk biomarker in those with fram. risk score 10-19%