Lipids and lipoproteins Flashcards
what is clinical importance of lipoproteins
risk for CHD, stroke, acute pancreatitis
what is pathological sig, of lipoproteins
involved in atherosclerosis and vascular degeneration
what is physiological sig. of lipoproteins
required for life
what is prev. of all CV disease mortality
36%
what happens to women after menopause
rates become highr than for men
3 main clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis
- CHD
- cerebrovascualr disease
- peripheral arterial disease
what is most common death due to CV disease
CHD
8 modifiable rsk factors
- dyslipidemia
- smoking
- hypertension
- diabetes
- obesity
- diet
- thrombogenic factors
- excercise
3 non-modificable ris factors
- age
- gender
- family Hx
% of pop with no risk factors
20%
what is defines familial hyperchol
TC > 13mmol/L
cause of FH
defect in LDL receptor
Sx of FH
- xanthomas
2. fatty tendons
what is relat. between chol. and CHD
1.5 ratio - reduce chol by 10, reduce CHD by 15
what is primary target to prevent CHD
LDL-c
what it ratio between LDL-c and CHD
2:1
diff. between LDL and LDL-c
LDL is full ball with Apo-B, while LDL-c is heterogeneous particles
what is prob with LDL
invade the endothelium and enter intimal layer
what is effect of HDL
seems to be related to lower risk factor
what do triglycerides indicate
high - CHD risk
very high - pancreatitis
what is not assessed in framingham and how to correct
family history - take score and double
3 other lipid-related markers for CHD risk
- apolipoproteins - apoB-100 and apoA-1
- LDL size
- lipoprotein a
what are apolipoproteins
main protein of lipoproteins
function of apolipoproteins
- facilitate lipid transport
- activate 3 enzymes (LCAT, LPL, HTGL)
- binding to cell surface receptors
when is ApoB measure useful
separates patient risk in moderate hypertriglyceridemmia
what is non HDLc
total C - HDLc
what is C reactive protein
inflammatory marker involved in host defence
use of CRP measure
CHD risk biomarker in those with fram. risk score 10-19%
