leukemia Flashcards

1
Q

basic idea of leukemia

A
  • clonal
  • arising from single hematopoetic cell
  • takes over bone marrow
  • prevents normal cell produciton
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2
Q

2 main types of leukemia

A
  1. acute

2. chronic

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3
Q

2 types of acute

A

AML and ALL

- without treatment, fatal in weeks

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4
Q

at what stage does leukemia originate

A

common M or L progenitors

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5
Q

when do Sx appear

A

when enough of the clones are there to make you sick

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6
Q

what is problem with blasts

A

hard to tell them apart

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7
Q

epi for ALL and AML

A

AML - mostly older

ALL - mostly young children

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8
Q

presentation of AML

A
  • over period of weeks

- anemia, leukopenia, thrombopenia

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9
Q

2 differences in ALL presentation from AML

A
  1. lymphadenopathy is common

2. CNS infiltration common

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10
Q

what is phase 1 treatment of leukemia

A

chemo to induce remission

- not cure, will return

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11
Q

what is phase 2

A

try for post-remissiokn therapy

  • more chemo
  • or transplant
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12
Q

4 special Sx of acute leukemia

A
  1. tissue infiltation ( gums in AML)
  2. leukostasis - blasts gum everything up
  3. CNS involvment in ALL
  4. acute promyolotic leukemia
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13
Q

what is treatment for CNS involvment in ALL

A

intrathecal chemo

- inject in LP

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14
Q

what is no chemo treatment of promyelocytic leukemia

A

vit. A

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15
Q

2 types of chronic leukemia

A

CLL and CML

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16
Q

epi of CLL and CML

A
  • both mostly afflict older adults

- CLL much more common than CML

17
Q

where does CLL and CML start

A

CLL - small lymphocyte

CML - hematopoetic stem cell

18
Q

presentation of CML

A

BCR-ABL

  • incidental finding on CBC
  • leukocytosis
  • left shift
  • basophilia
  • usually asymtomatic
  • splenomegaly
19
Q

presentation of CLL

A

incidental findin

  • smudge cells
  • usually symptomatic
  • node and spleen later in the disease
20
Q

nat. Hx of CML

A

chronic > accelerated> blast crisis

21
Q

nat. Hx of CLL

A

lymphocytosis>lymphadenopathy>splenomegaly> cytopenia

22
Q

treatment of CML

A
  • immed. start
  • tirosine kinase inhibs. ( nibs)
  • blocks function of BCR-ABL
23
Q

treatment of CLL

A
  • start when Sx become problem
  • chemo
  • retuximab (anti CD20)
  • aims to provide control