Pregnancy and birth

Question 1

ovum lifespan and viability

Answer 1

lifespan 72th, viability less

Question 2

sperm life

Answer 2

5 days

Question 3

what are 2 cell layers of blastocyst

Answer 3

1. inner cell mass

2. trophoblast

Question 4

how does trphoblast invade

Answer 4

enzymes that digest in the endometrium

Question 5

what does trophoblast divide into

Answer 5

1. syncitiotrophoblast

2. cytotrophoblast

Question 6

what is the role of prostaglandins in implantation

Answer 6

1. increase vascularization around

2. edema

Question 7

what is interstitial implantation

Answer 7

embryo becomes fully enveloped in the endometrium

Question 8

what are 2 ways that mom and fetus aren’t rejected

Answer 8

1. trophoblast has no MHC, but HLS-G instead

2. Mother is immunosupressed - need to be aware of this

Question 9

what is discoid placentation?

Answer 9

1-layer thick of trophoblast - allows efficient exchange of nutrients

Question 10

what is source and function of hCG

Answer 10

source: blastocyst and early placenta
function: stim LH to maintain corpus luteum

Question 11

what is source and function of estrogen

Answer 11

source: placenta
function: stim myometrium to grow, mammary gland, fetal dev.

Question 12

what is source and function of progesterone

Answer 12

source: bplacenta
function: inhibs spontaneous contraction, mammry gland dev, inhibs FSH so no more follicles

Question 13

what is source and function of hPL

Answer 13

source: placenta
function: prepares mammry gland, reduces maternal glucose use

Question 14

what is source and function of relaxin

Answer 14

source: placenta
function: soften cervix for delivery, loosen CT between pelvic bones to facilitate delivery

Question 15

what forms of est are most common in preg

Answer 15

estriol>estrone>estrodiol

Question 16

when does hCG peak and why is this useful?

Answer 16

8 weeks, preg. tests

Question 17

3 functions of lactogen

Answer 17

1. lower glucose use in mom
2. increase maternal lipolysis
3. Na, K, Ca retention

Question 18

what is DHEAS

Answer 18

sulfoconjugated DHEA

Question 19

why is Sulfur important

Answer 19

prevents masculinization

Question 20

where is most prenatal DHEA found

Answer 20

fetal cortex>adult cortex>medulla

Question 21

what are the triggers of birth (5)

Answer 21

1. E2 and OT up
2. fetal cortisol up
3. placental CRH up
4. prostaglandins up
5. progesterone down

Question 22

what is birth feedback loop

Answer 22

baby pushed on cervix>neuroendocrine reflex>oxytocin up> contrctions

Question 23

what are 2 cells responsible for milk and what hormones are they acted on by?

Answer 23

epithelial- milk producing - E, proeg and prolactin

myoepithelial - push milk out - oxytocin

Question 24

what inhibs milk ejection reflex

Answer 24

stress