heart failure Flashcards
1
Q
2 core elements of heart failure
A
- heart too weak
2. heart too stiff
2
Q
risk of heart failure
A
1 in 5
3
Q
** name of heart too stiff
A
impaired diastolic filling (small cup)
4
Q
name of heart too weak
A
impaired contraction (floppy cup)
5
Q
4 features of stiff heart
A
- normal systolic function
- normal LV size
- thickened walls
- concentric hypertrophy
6
Q
3 features of weak heart
A
- low LV ejection fraction
- dilated LV
- eccentric hypertrophy
7
Q
5 places heart failure can occur from and most common
A
- cor. arteries -MI - most common
- myocardium - cardiomyopathies
- endocardium - stenosis
- pericardium
- systemic
8
Q
what are stages of HF
A
- Normal heart > injured
- early dysfunction > neurohormonal activation
- perisitannt dysfucntion > remodelling
- compensated phase
- decompensated phase - symptoms
- refractory and death
9
Q
*** how does remodeling occur
A
- adaptive changes occur to size and structure
- leads to alter geometry - become maladaptive
- neurohormonal activation is key
10
Q
what would change in remodelling
A
larger, thicker LV
11
Q
how does neurohormonal activation start
A
drop in CO and BP
12
Q
3 responses to drop in CO and BP
A
- symp activation
- renin angiotensin system
- vasopressin
13
Q
what do these responses do?
A
lead to prgressive remodelling
14
Q
what occurs in decompensated stage (3)
A
- high preload
- high afterload
- poor contractility
- leads to onset of symptoms
15
Q
what is a common consequence of high preload
A
pulmonary and peripheral edema
