Addiction Flashcards

1
Q

what is main reward center associated with DOPA

A

nucleus accumbens and medial forebrain

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2
Q

how do various drug act on reward pathways

A

cocaine - direct

others via indirect influence on DOPA

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3
Q

5 aspects of drugs that make them more addictive

A
  1. rapid onset
  2. euphoria
  3. short duration
  4. tolerance development
  5. withdrawal
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4
Q

how does tolerance change with effect

A

opioids - longer toerance for pain, short tolerance for euphoria

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5
Q

how does withdrawal occur

A

make more receptors and now when take away get a bounceback

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6
Q

3 ways that fam Hx effects alc

A
  1. fewer adverse effects
  2. greater tolerance
  3. more positive effects
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7
Q

4 mental disorders linked by addition

A
  1. anxiety
  2. mood
  3. psychosis
  4. PTSD
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8
Q

social roles in drugs

A
  1. peer groups
  2. social support
  3. meaningful work
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9
Q

4 C’s of addiction

A
  1. Consequences
  2. unable to Cut down
  3. Cravings
  4. Compulsive use
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10
Q

what are brain effects of alcohol

A

sedative

  1. inhibs NMDA (exitation)
  2. enhances GABA (inhib)
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11
Q

what is does response in alcohol

A

low dose - anxiolytic, pleasure

high dose - depression, anger, sedations

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12
Q

what happens in alc withdrawal

A

compensitory inrease in NMDA and decr. in GABA - autonomic hyperactivity

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13
Q

what are uncomplicated withdrawals of alcohol

A
  1. cerebellar tremor
  2. sweating
  3. tachycard
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14
Q

complicated withdrawals of alc

A
  1. seizures
  2. tachyarrhymias
  3. hallucinations
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15
Q

major Sx of withdrawal

A

DTs

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16
Q

treatment for alc withdrawal

17
Q

3 alc prevention meds and their mechs

A
  1. naltrexone - opioid receptor blocker - no eurphoria
  2. acamprosate - enhances GABA to releive subacute withdrawal Sx
  3. disulfiram - binds acetaldyhyd dehydrogenase - make sick
18
Q

what is neuro effect of nicotine

A

chameleon - relax when tense, stim when tired

19
Q

why is nicotine so hard to quit

A

rapid, many puff/day

20
Q

Sx of nicotine withdrawal

A

fatigue, irritability, craving

21
Q

what is buproprion

A

antidepressant - incr DOPA

22
Q

what is champix

A

partial nicotine antagonist/agonist - binds more tightly, but has more neuropsych effects

23
Q

how does opioids work

A

act on mu receptors to give sense of euphoria

24
Q

what is opioid withdrawal

A

chills, vomiting, depression, safe except in prenancy

25
what does methadone do
at right dose is long acting and gets rid of withdrawal without the sedation or euphoria
26
what is buprenorphine
sublingual partial agonist - displaces opioid
27
what is action of cocaine
blocks presynaptic uptake of DOPA, NE and E