Addiction Flashcards
what is main reward center associated with DOPA
nucleus accumbens and medial forebrain
how do various drug act on reward pathways
cocaine - direct
others via indirect influence on DOPA
5 aspects of drugs that make them more addictive
- rapid onset
- euphoria
- short duration
- tolerance development
- withdrawal
how does tolerance change with effect
opioids - longer toerance for pain, short tolerance for euphoria
how does withdrawal occur
make more receptors and now when take away get a bounceback
3 ways that fam Hx effects alc
- fewer adverse effects
- greater tolerance
- more positive effects
4 mental disorders linked by addition
- anxiety
- mood
- psychosis
- PTSD
social roles in drugs
- peer groups
- social support
- meaningful work
4 C’s of addiction
- Consequences
- unable to Cut down
- Cravings
- Compulsive use
what are brain effects of alcohol
sedative
- inhibs NMDA (exitation)
- enhances GABA (inhib)
what is does response in alcohol
low dose - anxiolytic, pleasure
high dose - depression, anger, sedations
what happens in alc withdrawal
compensitory inrease in NMDA and decr. in GABA - autonomic hyperactivity
what are uncomplicated withdrawals of alcohol
- cerebellar tremor
- sweating
- tachycard
complicated withdrawals of alc
- seizures
- tachyarrhymias
- hallucinations
major Sx of withdrawal
DTs
treatment for alc withdrawal
benzos
3 alc prevention meds and their mechs
- naltrexone - opioid receptor blocker - no eurphoria
- acamprosate - enhances GABA to releive subacute withdrawal Sx
- disulfiram - binds acetaldyhyd dehydrogenase - make sick
what is neuro effect of nicotine
chameleon - relax when tense, stim when tired
why is nicotine so hard to quit
rapid, many puff/day
Sx of nicotine withdrawal
fatigue, irritability, craving
what is buproprion
antidepressant - incr DOPA
what is champix
partial nicotine antagonist/agonist - binds more tightly, but has more neuropsych effects
how does opioids work
act on mu receptors to give sense of euphoria
what is opioid withdrawal
chills, vomiting, depression, safe except in prenancy
what does methadone do
at right dose is long acting and gets rid of withdrawal without the sedation or euphoria
what is buprenorphine
sublingual partial agonist - displaces opioid
what is action of cocaine
blocks presynaptic uptake of DOPA, NE and E
