Nutritional pathology 1 Flashcards
1
Q
2 main types of nutrition problems
A
- defiency
2. excess
2
Q
2 types of deficiency
A
- protein energy malnutrition
2. micronutrient def.
3
Q
2 types of excess
A
- protein energy excess
2. micronutrient excess
4
Q
3 key aspects to healthy diet
A
- sufficient energy
- essential and non-essential AA and fatty acids
- vitamin and comineral
5
Q
def. primary malnutrition
A
one or more components missing from diet
6
Q
def. secondary malnut.
A
adequate supply, but somehow not getting them (chrons, diarrhea)
7
Q
common first world causes of malnutrition
A
- poverty
- chronic alcholosm
- acute and chronic illness
- self-imposed
ignorance
8
Q
2 main body protein comartments
A
- somatic - skeletal muscle
2. visceral - organs
9
Q
2 classes of protein energy malnutrition
A
- kwashikor- protein deficiency - affects the visceral compartment
- marasmus - protein AND energy def. - affects skeletal muscle
10
Q
features of marasmus
A
- weight > 60% normal
- growth retardation, loss of muscle
- preserved visceral protein, albumin
- anemia, immune def.
- poor wound healing
11
Q
which PEM is worse
A
kwashikor
12
Q
feat of kwashikor
A
- weight 60-80% normal
- hypoalbuminemia - edema
- flaky paint lesions
- hair changes
- liver steatosis
- apathy, listless, anorexia
13
Q
feature of cachexia
A
- common in AIDS
- loss of fat and muscle mass
- increased resting E expenditure
- result of cytokines produced by sepsis or tumor
14
Q
mech of muscle breakdown in cachexia
A
proteolysis-inducing factor activates ubiquitin pathways
15
Q
what is US epi of obesity
A
35% overweight
30 obese
