intro to cardio patho Flashcards
what is a main diff. between 2 blood systems
pulm. is low pressure
2 types of connections between double pump system
physiological
- FO, DA
pathological
- interarterial/vent/septal defects
what is normal path of conduction
SA node>internodal pathways>AV node>his-pukinje
what is importance of different channels involved in currents
abberance can cause disease of sudden death
- long QT syndrome
steps of excitation-contraction coupling
- propagation of electrical impulse
- Ca induced Ca release
- contraction
- recompartementalize Ca
- resestablish potential
what does each part of ECG mean
P wave -atrial depol
QRS - vent depol
T - vent repol
how is adreniergic system involved
symp - innervates A and V
- increase HR, AV conduction
para - vagus - innervates A only
- decreas HR
what is key with coronary As
myocytes need a lot of O2
- left main and R coronary arteries
what is contractile unit of mycyte
sarcomere
what are 3 main determinants of myocardial performance
- loading condition
- contractile state of myocardium
- HR
formula for cardiac output
HRx stroke volume
what is preload
mech load caused by blood in the L vent at the end of diastole, before contraction commences
- venoud filling pressure
what is afterload
load that the vent has to press against
what is starling law for the heart
as heart fills it will have a stronger ejection, to a point, after which if fails
what happens to the heart with age
- increased fibrous tissue
- dec. max output
- amyloid depistion
- stiff vasculature
- thickened and stiff valve cusps
