Motor pathways Flashcards

1
Q

where is cell body and synape of UMN

A

body in cortex, synapse on LMN

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2
Q

where is body and synapse of LMN

A

body in brainstem or cord, synapse on striated muscle

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3
Q

where are LMN bodies and nerve in brainstem

A

body in cranial nerve nuclei, travels in cranial nerve

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4
Q

where are LMN bodies and nerve in cord

A

body in ventral horn, travel via ventral root>spinal nerve>peripheral nerve

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5
Q

what is only nerve to touch the muscle

A

LMN – final common pathway

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6
Q

where is motor column in brainstem and cord

A

brainstem - series of motor nuclei

cord - in ventral horn

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7
Q

what do medial portions of motor column innervate

A

ipsilateral axial muscles for posture and balance

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8
Q

what do lateral portions of motor column innervate

A

(only in cervical and lumbar) - ipsilateral limb muscles for skilled voluntary movement

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9
Q

what is stretch reflex

A

stretch causes contraction to maintain muscle length

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10
Q

what are 4 levels that can be tested and where

A

C6 - boceps
C7 - triceps
L4 - patellar
S1 - achilles

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11
Q

what happen to reflex in LMN lesion

A

abolished

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12
Q

what happens to reflex in UMN lesion

A

enhanced via lack of inhibition

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13
Q

5 signs of LMN lesions

A
  1. ipsilateral weakness
  2. hyporeflexia
  3. flaccid paralysis (lower tone)
  4. atrophy - loss of trophic substances
  5. fasiculations - tiwitching in early onset
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14
Q

what are 4 interneuron UMN tracts and what do they control

A
  1. vestubulospinal - balance equilibrium
  2. reticulospinal - posture and gait
  3. rubrospinal - limb flexors
  4. corticospinal - skilled voluntary movement
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15
Q

what is lateral corticospinal tract (LCST)

A

UMNs that allows skilled asymmetic movement

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16
Q

where are bodies of LCST

A

in motor cortex

17
Q

where to LCST fiber decussate

A

at junction of medulla and cord

18
Q

where to LCST fibers synapse

A

on LMN in the cervical and lumbosacral enlargments

19
Q

what is axonal path of CST neurons

A

corona radiata>internal capsule>cerebral peduncles>pyramids>LCST

20
Q

what is babinski sign

A

normal stroking causes plantarflexion, but in UMN lesions causes dorsiflexion

21
Q

what happens in lesion of LMN in cord

A

ipsilateral effects

22
Q

what happens in lesion of CN nucleus or CN with LMN in it

A

ipsilateral effects except for trochlear, which is contralteral for nucleus and ipsi for nerve

23
Q

what is corticobulbar tract

A

extends from cortex to the bulb, or brainstem

24
Q

which CNs are innervated by tract and which are not

A

are: V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII
not: III, IV, VI

25
which CN motor are bilateral controlled
V, IX, X
26
what is masticator nucleus
LMN from here control ispilateral muscle of mastication
27
what happens in LMN and UMN lesion in mastication
UMN - nothing | LMN - loss
28
what is nucleas ambigious
LMN leave from here to control ipsilateral larynx and pharynx
29
what is hypoglossal nucleaus
LMN leave from here to hit ipsilateral tongue
30
what does accessory nucleaus hit
LMN hits SCM on ipsilateral side of motor cortex and contralateral side of traps
31
what are 2 subnulei of facial and what do they supply
rostral - ipsilateral upper face | caudal - ipsilateral lower face
32
how are 2 facial nuclei innervates by UMN
rostral - bilateral | caudal - contralateral motor cortex
33
which 2 neurons of corticobulbar tract are not bilaterally inervated
12 and lower 7