Calculating drug doses

Question 1

what is is dose

Answer 1

amount of drug to be given

Question 2

what is doage

Answer 2

amount of drug to be given per time

Question 3

2 ways to determine dose

Answer 3

1. follow guidelines taking PT into account

2. look up drug properties and then use formulas

Question 4

how to deterimine the target [C] (2)

Answer 4

1. look up in monograph

2. use Sx as surrogate

Question 5

what is caveat to [c] rules

Answer 5

the [c] does not always correspond to the effect - eg THC

Question 6

2 issues in calcualting dose

Answer 6

1. form/route

2. speed of delivery (need loading dose?)

Question 7

dose formula

Answer 7

dose = (target [c])xVd

Question 8

what is dose formula is not paraenteral

Answer 8

dose = (CxVd)/(bioavailability (F))

Question 9

what is bioequivalence

Answer 9

comparapable plasma [c]

Question 10

what is therapeutic equivalence

Answer 10

comparable clinical effectiveness

Question 11

what are 2 assumptions for single dose

Answer 11

1. all dose distributed into this volume quickly

2. use calculation of initial [c]

Question 12

how long until reach steady state

Answer 12

4-5 half lives

Question 13

how to get to steady state faster

Answer 13

loading dose

Question 14

what is clearance rate

Answer 14

rate of elim./plasma drug [c]

Question 15

what is differential [c] formula

Answer 15

C=C0e -kt

Question 16

what is t.5 forlmula

Answer 16

ln2/ke

Question 17

what is formula for ke from log graph

Answer 17

(2.303)(-slope)

Question 18

what is clearance rate formula

Answer 18

Cl = Ke x Vd

Question 19

what is Ke

Answer 19

constant for rate of elimination

Question 20

what is steady state formula

Answer 20

rate of infusion/rate of elimination

Question 21

what is formula for using a loading dose to get to steady state [c]

Answer 21

dose = Css * Vd

Question 22

if giving repeated dosing, where should doses be kept

Answer 22

between [C]toxic and [c]therapeutic

Question 23

what is loading dose formula for oral drugs

Answer 23

(Ctarget * Vd)/F

Question 24

what does % mean

Answer 24

1g/100ml

Question 25

what is the drip rate

Answer 25

number of drops per minute

Question 26

what is the drop factor

Answer 26

number of drops in 1 ml

Question 27

what are 2 general types of drip tubing

Answer 27

microdrip and macrodrip

Question 28

what is IV flow rate calculation

Answer 28

(volume ordered*drop factor)/time to infuse

Question 29

what is time remaining formula

Answer 29

current vol/pump setting(ml/h)

Question 30

4 components to a prescription

Answer 30

1. superscription (patient and presciber info)
2. inscription (drug, amount, strength)
3. subscription (directions to pharmacist regarding number and form)
4. signatura (directions to the PT)

Question 31

what is adherance

Answer 31

actually taking the drug

Question 32

what contrubutes to non-compliance (6)

Answer 32

1. complexity of taking
2. convenience
3. adverse effects
4. understanding disease state
5. belief in treatment
6. cost