nutritional pathology 2 Flashcards
where are most vitamins from
exogenous sources
what are minerals needed in large amounts
NA, K, CA, P
trace minerals
Fe, Cu, Fl, I, Co
where vit D from
fish liver, some plants, 80% from sun
3 ways 1,25 vit D is regulated
- PTH activates
- hypophosphatemia activates
- elevated level downregulate
vit D function (4)
- stim intestinal absorbtion of CA and P
- acts with PTH to mobilize Ca from bones
- stims PTH dep. Ca absorbtion in renal tubules
- normal mineralization of bone
vit D def. in kids
rickets - inadequate ossification of epiphyseal cartelage
where is rickets seen
esp. in long bone and spine
vit D def. in adults
osteomalacia - excess of unmineralized bone
- normal bone contour, but weak
what is thiamine (B1) source
widely in diet, but not polished
function of B1 (2)
- syn of ATP
2. maintain neural membranes and normal nerve conduction
3 causes of B1 def
- alcoholism
- diet
- excess vomiting and dia
what is important about B1 and glucose
sublinical levels can become worse on glucose therapy
3 manifestations of thiamine and name
- peripheal nerve (dry beriberi) - neuropathy
- heart (wet beri beri)
- CNS - wernike-korsakoff syndrome
def. dry beriberi
- symmetric polyneuropathy in legs and then arms
probs of wet beriberi
CV syndrome with
- peripheral vasodilation
- rapid AV shunt
- high output failure- pumps too fast
B12 sources
animal protein, meat, eggs
what does intrinsic factor do
- secreted by parietal cells
- binds to B12 in duodenum
- complex of IF-B12 is taken to ileum and endocytoses
- IF pulled off and taken back to stomach
causes of B12 def.
- IF deficiency - pernicious anemia
2. malabsorbtion syndromes
2 probs with B12 def.
- megaloblastic anemia
2. neuro complications
way to be Fe def.
blood loss, low absorbtion, increased requirment
way to get too much Fe
- primary hereditary hemochromatosis
2. secondary hemochromatosis - iron overload, transfusions, liver disease
what is herditary hemochromatosis
- more common in men
2. mucosal absorbtion too high
4 manifestations of hemochromatosis
- liver: heptomegaly, fibrosis and cirrosis
- pancreas: fibrosis and diabetes
- skin - goes grey/bronze
- other - heart failure, arrhytmia
treatment of hemochrom
phlebotomy
Vit A and cancer
may actually make lung cancer worse
vit D ancd cancer
inverse relat. between vit D and CA
