Epi and carcinogenesis Flashcards
4 most common CA
lung, breast, colon, prostate
how many canadians will get CA and how many will die of itq
get - 40%
die - 25%
what is most deadly common CA
lung
2 things that CA incidence patterns reflects
- presence of env. factors
2. primary prevention
2 types of primary prevention
- lifestyle mod
2. screening
3 things that CA mortality rates reflect
- effect of screening
- natural Hx of Ca
- treatments
how is race important (2)
- may define risk groups
2. may reflect presence of polymorphisms in a pop. that increase thier susceptibilty
3 genetic influnces on CA
- genomic instability - natural mutations
- inherited mutation
- acquired mutation
4 ways cells try to prevent accumulation of mutations
- continuous shedding of certain cells - epithelial stress
- defenses against genotoxic injury
- DNA damage checkpoints in cell cycle
- cellular sensence
what % of CA have a notable genetic component
5-10%
2 types of inhertiance patterns
- specific recognized defect
2. general familial predisposition
2 types of specific recognized defects
- inherited CA syndromes
2. defective DNA repair syndromes
what is mech. of inherited CA syndrome
- germline mutation of in one allele of critical gene (usually tumor supressor)
- mutation of second allele in somatic cells
- dysregulation of cell growth and prolif.
who do inherited syndromes present
usually a specific phenotype
- except Li- fraumeni syndrome
what is defective DNA- repair syndrome
usually rare and via defects in ability to repair DNA causing subsequent mutations
