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Undeleted > Adrenal > Flashcards

Adrenal Flashcards

1
Q

3 cell layers of the adrenal cortex from out to in and what they produce

A
  1. glomerulosa - aldosterone
  2. fasiculata - cortisol
  3. reticularis - DHEA
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2
Q

what does hypo release in response to stress

A

CRH and ADH

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3
Q

what does CRH do?

A

stim ACTH

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4
Q

what does ACTH do

A
  1. stim. cortisol release

2. adrenal hyperplasia and hypertrophy

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5
Q

what does ADH do in the ant. pit?

A

works to increase ACTH upregulation

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6
Q

what does cortisol feed back onto?

A

-ve to hypo, pit

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7
Q

where are glucocorticoid receptors located

A

hypo and ant. pit

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8
Q

where are mineralocorticoid receptors found

A

in brain- act as glucocorticoid receptors

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9
Q

what happens with long-term glucocoritcoid therapy

A

adrenal hypertrophy

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10
Q

4 metabolic effects of glucocorticoids

A
  1. up hepatic glucogenisis - conversion of AA to glucose
  2. up protein catabolism - more AA in blood
  3. down glucose tissue uptake - more glucose for brain
  4. up lipolysis - alternative E source
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11
Q

permissive effect of GCs

A

increase catecholamines - more CV response in stress

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12
Q

immune effects of CG

A

immunosuppresive via less imflammation

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13
Q

behavioral effects of CG

A

mood and memory

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14
Q

what are steroids derived from

A

pregnane

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15
Q

what happens when missing cholesterol desmolase

A

no hormones- lethal

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16
Q

what happens when don’t have 21B or 11B hydroxylase

A

don’t get conversion from pregane to cortisol - CAH

17
Q

what is cortisol to corticosterone ratio in humans

A

7:1

18
Q

what is step to make cortisol

A
  1. ACTH bind and SF-1 does enzyme synthesis
  2. cholesterol to pregnenolone in mitochond.
  3. preg to ER
  4. Pre to deoxycortisol in ER
  5. deoxycortisol to mitochond.
  6. deoxycortisol to cortisol in mito
19
Q

half life of cortisol

A

60-90 mins

20
Q

peak and nadir of cortisol (time)

A

peak - 7am

nadir - 7pm-12am

21
Q

what area is responsible for HPA rhythms

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus

22
Q

how does cortisol move in blood

A

5% free

95% bound to CBG and albumin

23
Q

where is CBG created

A

in liver

24
Q

what is 11B-HSD

A

enzyme that coverts cortisol to cortisone

25
Q

2 types of HSD and fucntion

A

HSD1 - back and forth

HSD2 - cortisol to cortisone only

26
Q

what is function of HSD2

A

protects fetus and kidneys from cortisol

27
Q

what does skin do via HSD1

A

turns cortisone cream to cortisol

28
Q

how is cortisol excreted

A

turned into tetrahydrocortisone glocuurinide and out liver and kidney

29
Q

how are androgent regulated in adrenal

A

by ACTH

30
Q

how is more androgen made in adrenals

A

99.9% sulphoconjugated

31
Q

what happens to androstendione

A

converted to T and E in circulation

32
Q

what is aldosterone pathway

A
  1. low ECF volume and renal artery pressure signals
  2. Renin secreted
  3. renin converts angiotensinogen to angiot 1
  4. ACE converts 1 to 2
  5. angio 2 stims adrenal to produce aldosterone
  6. aldosterone increased Na and H2O absorbtion
33
Q

what happens if have no 17a hydroxylase

A

only produce glucocorticoids

34
Q

what is syndrome name, cause and Sx of excess aldosterone

A

Syndrome: Conn’s
Cause: hypersecreting tumor of glomurelosa
Sx: hypernatremia and hypertension

35
Q

what is syndrome name, cause and Sx of excess cortisol

A

Syndrome: cushings
Cause: hypersecreting tumor of fasciulata
Sx: excess glucose, protein shortage, fat dist weird, poor wound healing

36
Q

what is syndrome name, cause and Sx of excess androgen

A

Syndrome: andrenogenital syndrome
Cause: lack of enzyme to convert to cortisol
Sx: masc. in women and prepuberty in boys

37
Q

what is syndrome name, cause and Sx of deficit in aldosterone and cortisol

A

Syndrome: Addisons
Cause: destruction or atrophy of adrenal cortex
Sx: hyponatremia and hypotension

38
Q

what is syndrome name, cause and Sx of cortisol deficit

A

Syndrome: secondary adrenocortical insufficiency
Cause: HPA failure, insuff CRH/ACTH
Sx: poor stress response, hypoglycemia, metabolic deficits

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