Internal thorax

Question 1

Source of sym innervation

Answer 1

T1-L2

Question 2

Source of parasymp innervation

Answer 2

brain stem and S2,3,4

Question 3

contents of middle mediatinum

Answer 3

pericardium, heart, origins of great vessels

Question 4

borders of middle mediastinum

Answer 4

ant, post, sup

Question 5

contents of ant mediastinum

Answer 5

internal thoracic vessels + thymus

Question 6

contents of sup mediastinum

Answer 6

esoph, trach, aortic arch, brachiocehpalic veins, SVC, brach. trunk (art) left common carotid + left subclavian, phrenic, vagus, L recurrent laryngeal

Question 7

order of sup mediastinum vessels

Answer 7

veins, arteries, wind, water - ant to post

Question 8

course of vagus nerve (X)

Answer 8

runs down along esophagus

Question 9

contents of post mediastinum

Answer 9

symp trunk, throracic duct, azygous(es), dec aorta, esoph, primary bronchi

Question 10

4 portions of parietal lung pleura and their innervation

Answer 10

cupola - supraclavicular
mediastinal - phrenic
costal - intercostals
diaphragmatic - intercostal (ext) and phrenic (int)

Question 11

level of tracheal bifurcation

Answer 11

T4/5

Question 12

vessels that loop over trach

Answer 12

L - aorta

R - azygous

Question 13

bronchi branches

Answer 13

primary (main)>secondary (lobar)> tertiary (segmental > intrapulmonary

Question 14

surfaces of lung

Answer 14

apex, base, costal, mediastinal

Question 15

pulmonary ligament

Answer 15

fold at the inferior reflection of root of lung

Question 16

level of pulm artery branches

Answer 16

T4/5

Question 17

Blood supply to lung

Answer 17

bronciole arts (aorta+intercostals) and veins (azygous +hemiazygous)

Question 18

Lymph drainage path from deep to superficial

Answer 18

pulmonary nodes>bronchopulmonary nodes>tracheopulmonary nodes>bronchiomediastinal lymph trunks

Question 19

Lung innervations

Answer 19

from symp trunk and vagus via pulmonary plexus

Question 20

air or blood in pleaura

Answer 20

pneumothorax and hemothorax

Question 21

suface reflection - pleural borders

Answer 21

R - sternocalvicular joint to sternal angle>down to rib 6>lateral to rib 8 in midclavicular line>to 10 in midaxiallary>12 in back
L - sternocalvicular joint to sternal angle>down to rib 4> laternal to edge of sternum>down to rib 6>lateral to rib 8 in midclavicular line>to 10 in midaxiallary>12 in bacl

Question 22

surface reflection - lung borders

Answer 22

R - neck of first rib>down mid sternum to rib 6> along 6 to midclavicular>8 in mid axillary>10th in back (2 below plearal border)
L - neck of first rib, down mid-sternum to 4, along 4 to midclavicular, then down to 6 in mid-clavicular>to 8 in midaxiallary>10 in back

Question 23

two lung recesses

Answer 23

costodiaphragmatic, costomediastinal

Question 24

3 methods of chest expansion

Answer 24

vertical - diaphram down
anterior post - intercostal muscles contract
transverse - intercostals

Question 25

point of reflection of serous pericardium

Answer 25

outflow of great vessels -transverse sinus | inflow vessels - oblique sinus

Question 26

cardiac tamponade

Answer 26

too much pressure in pericardial cavity

Question 27

conection b/w aorta and pulm trunk

Answer 27

ligametum arteriosum - was ductus arteriosus

Question 28

difference between somatic and autonomic signals

Answer 28

somatic - single nerve | autonomic - double nerve w synapse

Question 29

location autonomic synapse

Answer 29

peripheral ganglion

Question 30

location of preganglionic cell neurons

Answer 30

grey matter in lateral horn of spinal cord

Question 31

anatomic diff between symp and para symp

Answer 31

symp - in T1-L2, post gang in symp chain | para - in cranial or S, post gang close to organ

Question 32

location of prevertebral plexus

Answer 32

anterior to vert column all down thorax and abdo

Question 33

Grey vs white rami communicantes

Answer 33

grey - postganglionic fibers from sym ganglia | white - preganglionc fibers from ant primary rami

Question 34

names of syp splanchnic nerves

Answer 34

greater, lesser, least, lumbar, sacral

Question 35

path of symp innervation to abdo organs

Answer 35

lateral horn>through ganglion (no synapse)>down splanchnic nerve>to prevertebral plexus (synapse)> to organ

Question 36

para innervation as far as SMA

Answer 36

vagus nerve

Question 37

types of afferents in para vs symp fibers

Answer 37

para - special senses (blood pres) | symp - referred to body surface

Question 38

path of throacic duct

Answer 38

cysterna chyli>up along vert passing R to L>into brachiocephalic

Question 39

branches of the aorta

Answer 39

``` R brachiocephalic to R subclavian and carotid L carotid and subclavian intercostals esophageal branches bronchial arteries ```

Question 40

level esophagus starts

Answer 40

C6

Question 41

potential blocks of esophagus

Answer 41

C6 - cricoid cartelege T4/5 by aortic arch T10 by diaphragm

Question 42

blood supply and drainage of esophag

Answer 42

- broncial, esphageal, L gastic art | - azygous and hemiazygous veins, gastic veins

Question 43

3 drainages of esoph lymph

Answer 43

upper- internal jugular node middle - mediastinal nodes lower- celaic nodes