Peds optho Flashcards
what is normal red reflex and how to check
- all newborns at each check up
- in a dark room
- cornea and iris
- pupil is round
- red glow seen shining in a dark room
def. leukocoria
- white pupil
what does leukocoria mean
- cornea, anterior chamebr, iris normal
- abnormality is behind the pupil
3 possible causes of leukocoria
- lens - cataract
- vitreous cavity - persistent fetal vasculature
- retina - tumor, colomboma, detachment
what to do in cataracts
urgent referral
2 gen cats. of cataracts
- isolated - idiopathic, inheritid, trauma
2. systemic - infection, inflammation, iatrogenic
3 things to follow up on in bilateral cataracts
- examine parents and sibs
- look for Lowe’s syndrome
- ask about past and present meds
2 things to do after cataract removal
lost focusing funciton of lens
- replace focusing funciton with glasses or contacts
- correct/prevent ambylopia - patch good eye
def. retinoblastoma
- rare malig tumor of the retina in infants
- auto dominatn
- look for fam Hx
5 treatments of retinoblastoma
- enucleation if large
- local laser
- systemic chemo
- peribulbar chemo injections’
- avoid radiotherapy if possible
def. coloboma
- failure of closure of the optic cleft
- retina is atrophic
- defect in the choriod
- light reflected by sclera means white instead of red reflex
what systemic abnormailities might colomboma be part of
CHARGE syndrome - Coloboma Heart defect Atresia Retarded growth GU problems Ear defects
3 causes of retinal detachment in kids
- trauma
- retinal dystrophies
- retinopathy of prematurity
what is peds glaucoma
- high IOP leads to abnormal growth of affected eye
where to suspect peds glaucoma
- big beuatiful eyes that are photophobic
- looks for size assymetry
what is hallmark of glaucoma
- large cloudy cornea
- needs urgent assessment
5 signs and symptoms of galucoma
- usually bilateral
- big eye
- tearing
- photophobia
- rapidly pregressing myopia
goal of treatment if glaucoma
control IOP
2 types of treatment for glaucoma
- meds - topical and systemic
2. surgery - defintive and long term
3 signs of nasolacrimal gland obstruction
- crust
- discharge
- incr. tear lake
mgmt of NLGO
98% better spontaneously
- push the gland to the side
what is nasoclarimal mucocele
- get visous fluid inside
- if infected - life trreatening
- admit for IV ABs
what is important cellulitis to rule out
orbital
4 Sx of orbital
- decrease eye movement
- proptosis
- decreased vision
- pupillary abnormality
3 causes if purulent conjuntivitis
- chlam
- gon
- chemincal
