strabismus + amblyopia Flashcards
4 visual assessements in new borns
- fixate face
- eye popping in dark
- close eyes in ight
- fixation and follow reflex
2 tests of preferential looking
- teller acuity
- cardiff cards
- with both eyes or one at a time
how to assess at 3 months
with teller cards
how to assess preverbal
cardiff cards
4 other was to assess
- matching games
- shapes
- letters
- tumbling Es
how many eye muscles
7 - levator palpebra
what do superior and inferior obliques do
sup - pulls 12 to nose - down in adduction
inf - pulls 12 away from nose - up in adduction
what is strabismus
ocular misalignment of any kind
4 types of strab
eso - in
exo - out
hyper - up
hypo
def. alternating esotropia
eso switches back and forth depending on what side of visual field is being used
what is simple test to diagnose strab
hirshberg - uses a light to reflect off the cornea which acts like a mirror
def. pseudoesotropia
wide nasal bridge causes it to look like it;s off because can’t see the white of the eye
what is diff. between in tropia and phoria
tropia - manifest deviation, test with cover-uncover, visible under binocular viewing
phoria - latent deviation, alternating cover test, only visible when binocular vision suspended
3 risks with strabismus
- amblyopia - vision in deviated eye worse
- loss of stereo
- appeaance
3 causes of strabismus
- poor vision in one eye - brain cuts it out
- need for glasses - especially with higher reflractive errros
- eye muscle imbalance
5 treats of strab
- glasses
- surgery
- prisms
- botox
- pathces
what is strab emergency
when the eye cannot move fully in all directions
why is amblyopia important
most common cause of vision loss in children
def. amblyopia
- decrease in vision because only a blurred vision is recieved from one or both eyes
- can only get in childhood
what is bilateral amblyopia
uncommon
- when the brain received equally shitty images from both eyes
- often due to cataracts
what is unilateral amblyopia
most common form of amblyopia
- brain prefers one eye over the eye
3 reasons for unilateral amblyiopia
- stim deprivation (ptosis or cataract block)
- unequal refractive error
- strab
what is effect of amblyopia
- perm visual loss in affected life
- need to prevent injury risk in the good eye
4 treatments of amblyopia
- fix any underlying abnormality
- prescribe glasses
- occlusion of good eye
- meds to occlude good eye
outcomes for amblyopia treat
best if treated early
- some success if after 9yo
- make sure don’t over-occlude the good eye
